Factory Farming free essay sample

Numerous individuals probably won't know about what truly occurs in plant ranches, or on the off chance that they do, they will in general choose not to see towards it. Our general public has a fantasy picture of how manufacturing plant livestock live: Cows eating the delicious green fields, hens settling in a warm, extensive outbuilding, and pigs moving around in mud getting a charge out of the radiant day. This vision of ranch life is a long way from the real world, particularly today with interest for inexpensively, meat rising. Today, billions of creatures are conceived, bound, organically controlled, moved, and butchered for human utilization. Most of livestock are detesting the perfect ranch life, however rather, they are living in processing plant ranches, otherwise called limited animals taking care of activities (CAFOs) or concentrated live-stock tasks (ILOs) (Williams, Nancy). The reason for plant cultivating is to deliver probably the most minimal costs on the planet for meat, eggs, and dairy items, however is it extremely worth the cost? Not exclusively is creature government assistance in danger, however so is the earth and human wellbeing. Manufacturing plant Farming ought to be prohibited in the United States, or far and away superior, around the world. Today we live in a general public where creatures are held at higher regard than they were ever previously. Mutts have gotten known as a â€Å"man’s best friend† and felines are similarly as welcome on your love seat as your family may be. It is viewed as ethically wrong to mishandle any creature to the degree that we have laws securing the government assistance of creatures. In any case, the live-stock in processing plant ranches don't live agreeable lives. Most likely the main beneficial thing about living in an industrial facility ranch is that the animals don't live long. Incredibly, cultivated creatures are explicitly prohibited from the Federal Animal Welfare Act and furthermore from most state against remorselessness laws. In one case, during a Farm Sanctuary examination of the ISE egg production line in mid 2000 in the town of Broadway, New Jersey, two live hens were found intentionally dumped in a garbage can brimming with dead winged animals (Bauston, Gene). In consequence of this, the ISE was accused of cold-bloodedness to creatures and indicted, yet the appointed authority decided that the organization was not liable of creature pitilessness (Bauston, Gene). To exacerbate the situation, the ISE’s legal advisor made a point that it was legitimately satisfactory to dispose of live winged creatures in the trash and treat them as though they were excrement (Bauston, Gene)! What precisely makes your family unit pet very different from that honest pig enduring in a manufacturing plant? Practically, it is human instinct to expend meat; we people must eat meat to be astoundingly sound, yet there are to be sure better methods of doing it. In egg plants, hens are compelled to live in battery confines, limited to around seven or eight to an enclosure, not leaving them sufficient space to pivot or spread their wings (Williams, Nancy). Also, the egg business limits around 300 million hens in a battery confine office at some random time (Wenz, Peter). The battery confines used to house these hens effectively solid fierce, however to aggravate matter, those hens are immobilized by their battery confines; their wings, legs, feet, and necks trapped in the wires (Wenz, Peter). On the off chance that you think hens have it terrible, envision what else may be going on to these creatures. The pigs there burn through the majority of their lives limited in slender cartons that empower most development; the hard, slatted floors and the absence of activity makes their feet and legs handicapped person, and joint issue; the consistent scouring toward the bars of their containers give them open injuries, helpless against disease (Bauston, Gene). Calves are compelled to live in two feet wide containers and anchored to the neck, impairing most development which forestalls exercise and cutoff points muscle advancement, which keeps the calves’ meat delicate (Bauston, Gene). This treatment of livestock isn't just obtuse, however dishonest thinking about that we live in a creature adoring society. Beside animal maltreatment, plant cultivating likewise causes decimating impacts on wellbeing. These wellbeing dangers concern people just as creatures. Around 66% of the 1,400 known pathogens to researchers are thought to have begun in creatures (Sayre, Laura). The most well-known diseases known to people have really originated from similar creatures we eat or have eaten previously: tuberculosis and the basic virus are thought to come to us from dairy cattle, pertussis from pigs or sheep, infection from water bison, and flu from ducks (Sayre, Laura). You may ask, â€Å"Well how does this have an association with manufacturing plant cultivating? † The association is very basic. Industrial facility ranches are reproducing reason for harmful ailment, which spreads to the network through the food we eat, the water we drink, the air we inhale, and even the individuals who work at these â€Å"farms† by interacting with them and their families (Sayre, Laura). The unsanitary and unpleasant conditions in industrial facility ranches are passing new illnesses onto people quicker than at any other time. Huge numbers of us have heard the term â€Å"you are what you eat†. Production line ranches have revealed another insight into this term. Ever wonder what the food you eat really ate while it was as yet alive? It may cause one debilitated to their stomach when they to acknowledge what the FDA (The Food and Drug Administration) permits the industrial facility homesteads to take care of the creatures we in the long run eat. The FDA permits steers blood, minds, spinal ropes of dairy cattle not more established than 30 months old enough, eatery squander, and utilized poultry litter to fill in as protein for processing plant creatures (Pluhar, Evelyn). These production lines are permitted to take care of steers other cows, which can be constrained human flesh consumption. Not exclusively is taking care of cows spinal lines of other dairy cattle ethically off-base, yet it is likewise hazardous on the grounds that it is taking a chance with the spreading of distraught bovine sickness. The FDA legitimizes this by noticing that steers 30 months old or more youthful are more averse to hold distraught dairy animals ailment, however it is workable for more youthful bovines to even now be tainted, and it is feasible for the sickness to be spread through what is still permitted (by the FDA) in cows feed (Pluhar, Evelyn). Presently, consider the mental strains production line cultivating may cause. Our general public has confirmed that creatures have sentiments just as people â€assuming this dependent on the government and city laws that exist securing basic entitlements. Animals are being affixed, bound, dismissed, and brutalized in industrialized production line ranches; if this was transpiring of our canines or felines the general public would actually go ballistic. These detained creatures experience a wide scope of mental issue because of their ghastly everyday environments (Bauston, Gene). Shockingly, the creatures are by all account not the only ones who endure mentally. As indicated by slaughterhouse master Temple Grandin, it’s not uncommon for the representatives to get vicious, truly being brutalized by what they should do hourly and day by day (Pluhar, Gene). The unfortunate, messy, and discouraging condition the representatives work in must influence them incredibly, inevitably influencing their workplace as well as their own life. In the wake of absorbing the entirety of this discouraging data about industrial facility ranch life, on might consider what it would resemble without it. Wiping out industrial facility homesteads would significantly profit the earth, the life of livestock, and the individuals. Numerous individuals don't understand that measure of ozone harming substances that plant ranches put into the air they relax. Incredibly, the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) records that the animals business adds to these outflows a full 20% of the aggregate than the entirety of transportation (Pluhar, Evelyn). Freeing of production line homesteads would wipe out a significant about of ozone harming substances that contaminate our environment. Rather than manufacturing plant cultivating, there are vastly improved methods of delivering our country’s requirement for meat and dairy items. Littler, increasingly various family cultivates that training considerable farming and sympathetically raise the animals they advertise for food would force significantly less of a weight on the earth (Pluhar, Evelyn). Not exclusively would these progressions advantage our condition, yet additionally our wellbeing. Creatures brought up in less upsetting conditions would shed less pathogens; they would not be siphoned with hormones and pointless dosages of anti-infection agents; their feed would not be defiled with cows parts and poultry litter (Pluhar, Evelyn). Despite the fact that, animals will even now be getting butchered and eaten, however family cultivates with cleaner, increasingly empathetic conditions would give a superior live to the creatures, and they would endure considerably less. Industrial facility livestock live severe, excruciating lives. The enduring of these creatures is pointless and harsh, and also, a double-dealing demonstration of our creature adoring society. Production line cultivating is additionally unsafe to the individuals that live in this nation, influenced by the sicknesses and contamination is passes. Everybody, people and animals notwithstanding, would live more advantageous lives without the destructive impacts of cultivating manufacturing plants. Our general public needs to meet up and reevaluate the manner in which we treat creatures since it in the long run returns to â€Å"bite our butts†.

Vulnerable Populations Victims of Violence Essay Example

Powerless Populations: Victims of Violence Paper Running Head: ‘Vulnerable Populations: Victims of Violence’ ‘Vulnerable Populations: Victims of Violence’ Norita Prather BSHS/302-BSAE0ZSH3 University of Phoenix Instructor: Tami Frye September 26, 2011 Each residential maltreatment relationship is interesting, and has an example that holds certain signs, pieces of information, and attributes that could have chosen if one were in an undesirable or damaging relationship. There are huge pointers that are basic to every virtual instance of local maltreatment, principally on the grounds that individuals have heard much about residential maltreatment, however didn't think it applied to their circumstance. What is local maltreatment, how is it characterized for somebody to perceive and look for help; originating from somebody that has a harmed cornea because of residential maltreatment, I will give my definition. I think a solitary occurrence typically doesn't comprise misuse. Household misuse ordinarily includes an example of oppressive occasions, where casualties commonly experience a tedious, cyclic example of dangerous or fierce practices that for the most part heighten after some time. I think the primary supporter of local maltreatment whenever dependent on force and control. There are numerous confusions of what taking control implies, in a household misuse circumstance, taking control to one may imagine that is an indication of mindful and needing simply the best for the other. Besides, there is no purpose behind anybody to experience household misuse whether it is physical or verbal. I would encourage casualties to be keen, and safe, and get awaysomeone’s life may rely upon the decision you make. The historical backdrop of abusive behavior at home has been common all through the United States and different pieces of the Worldand close accomplice misuse has been a specialty of numerous societies for some ages. From my understanding, British customary law had permitted a man to â€Å"chastise† his better half with â€Å"any sensible instrument†. In the United States, all through the 1800’s, state laws and social practices kept on supporting a man’s option to teach his significant other. It was not until 1895 that a lady could even separation her better half on ground of misuse. Household misuse influences people, yet one out of four ladies will be a casualty eventually of their lifetime (Roberts, 2002). We will compose a custom exposition test on Vulnerable Populations: Victims of Violence explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Vulnerable Populations: Victims of Violence explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Vulnerable Populations: Victims of Violence explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The primary sanctuary for battered ladies and their youngsters was opened in London, England inside a couple of long periods of 1975, crisis covers for battered ladies opened in various pieces of the United States, for example, the one in New York City; St. Paul, Minnesota; and Fresno, California. In 1994, the Violence Against Women Act was embraced. The demonstration empowered examination into local maltreatment and created the legitimate and monetary help for law authorization and social administrations to secure battered ladies. On account of the awful idea of aggressive behavior at home, it is perceived worldwide with significant activity to improve the consistent endeavors in regards to approaches and courts reactions to battered people. Today, there are numerous arrangements, programs, intercession techniques, and legitimate implementers for managing casualties and abusers of abusive behavior at home. Being a casualty/overcomer of local maltreatment makes various issues and encounters including, correction, weaknesses, outrage, disarray, and self-question. Intermittently, manhandled people lose loved ones because of the battering. For the most part, the abuser segregates them from loved ones. The degree of dispensed mishandled turns into a humiliation and the manhandled individual normally pulls back from their emotionally supportive network to stay away from shame. Sentiments of tension now and again develop on the off chance that you choose to leave the circumstance and are reappearing into another world liberated from savagery. Social issues additionally surfaces from household misuse; it makes sentiments of confinement and prohibition. As indicated by creators, John Hamel and Tonia Nicholla (Hamel Nicholla, 2007), local maltreatment isn't harsh consistently. It follows a three-stage cycle known as ‘The Cycle of Violence’. The cycle begins in the special first night stage, and after some time, strain assembles and afterward the maltreatment begins. The residential maltreatment cycle is nonstop and individuals regularly stay on the grounds that the special first night stage returns around and shows regret. Casualties for the most part decide to remain in light of the fact that guarantees have been made that the brutal demonstrations will never happen again; absolutely never trust it will never happen again on the grounds that it will, and now, the maltreatment will turn out to be increasingly visit and in many cases, progressively serious. Lamentably, aggressive behavior at home is an overall scourge, and is one of the most constantly underreported wrongdoings. Your financial class, religion, race, or ethnic gathering, and so forth doesn't have an impact on whether you become engaged with the pattern of residential maltreatment. In spite of the fact that there is no particular class at distinguishing who is in danger for abusive behavior at home, there are some normal circumstances among individuals who experience aggressive behavior at home, for example, being manhandled as a kid, saw abusive behavior at home as a youngster, detached socially from loved ones, physical or mental handicap, joblessness, neediness or poor day to day environments, already in a harsh relationship, just intending to leave or has as of late left an injurious circumstance, and so on. The Bureau of Justice Statistics wrongdoing information brief detailed that 85% of local maltreatment is ladies, and ladies of all races are about similarly powerless against savagery by a cozy accomplice. Allstate Foundation gathered information on residential maltreatment and detailed that about three out of four (74%) of Americans actually knew somebody who is or has been a casualty of abusive behavior at home. 30% of Americans state they know a lady who has been truly mishandled by her significant other or sweetheart in the previous year. Escaping an abusive behavior at home circumstance isn't simple, however there are numerous abusive behavior at home maltreatment programs for casualties and their youngsters inside the criminal equity and kid government assistance frameworks. The wide exhibit of administrations are boundless and go from promotion and bolster administrations, unknown phone hotlines where you can call, and look for guidance, manhandled and battered sanctuaries where you can remain, directing, network based administrations, non-benefit assets and associations, nearby, and state taxpayer driven organizations and helps. Furthermore, there are a lot of national assets for aggressive behavior at home that encourages conversation gathering where casualties can chat with others associated with abusive behavior at home and counteraction to sustain strengthening and having a place among each other. The viability of future intercession procedures rely on human assistance laborers, law implementation officials, instructors, residential maltreatment, and kid government assistance association work force to all assume teaming up jobs in the anticipation and mediation of instances of destructive aggressive behavior at home. When aggressive behavior at home has been recognized, future intercession ought to incorporate development and referral administrations, assessments of the victim(s) for sure fire needs, a security plan that is customized, and gone over with somebody with a learned foundation with abusive behavior at home; and proficient audit of the example and history of the household savage cases to forestall future danger of death or critical injury/hurt. All things considered, local maltreatment is a terrible circumstance that significantly influences everybody that is associated with the circumstance and mediation process. Aggressive behavior at home ought not transpire, yet it does, and when it happens there is help. Residential maltreatment can cause major long haul inconveniences for battered people, for example, physical and mental challenges. Generally speaking, any sort of misuse whether it is physical or verbal is inadmissible and ought not go on without serious consequences. Everybody has the right to live liberated from dread, and be protected and glad. References Allstate Foundation National Poll on Domestic Violence, 2006. Lieberman Research Inc. Following Survey led for The Advertising Council and the Family Violence Prevention Fund, July †October 1996. Agency of Justice Statistics Crime Data Brief, Domestic Violence, 1993-2001, February 2003. Hamel, J. , Nicholla, T. , (2007). Family Intervention in Domestic Violence. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company, LLC. Roberts, A. , (2002). Handbook of Domestic Violence Intervention Strategies. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, Inc.

Employment Relation at Top Trucking Company

Question: Talk about the Employment Relation at Top Trucking Company. Answer: Presentation This business report is the conversation about different applications and ramifications of Human Resources Management with an examination of HR contextual analysis titled productive connection at top trucking organization. This examination will assess the importance of the Human Resource Management in the association. Besides, it assesses different representative conduct, practices and work and transport laborers association laws. It will dissect the given contextual investigation and issues referenced in this. In addition, this will accentuate on the practices, which are presented by the top trucking companys the board to multiply the coordination among representatives and directors and on the significant pretended by the new supervisor and related dangers with their activities. This will additionally examine that whether the workers will acknowledge and adjust the adjustments in the association. Job of Human Resource Management Human Resource Management is a significant procedure, which is utilized by the association. It is a procedure, which helps in sorting out all the assets and labor for expanding their profitability. As indicated by the contextual investigation, the human asset the board in the Top Trucking Company is in the change stage (Xesha, Iwu, Slabbert Nduna, 2014). As referenced for the situation, the Wollongong yard of the trucking association was extremely renowned and great entertainer in the territory. The association delegate, George Psaros is a significant supporter of its better execution. George has watched the progress phase of the association and helped both the association laborers and the board. Anyway this association was famous yet it was hard work environment on the grounds that the chiefs are ruling and dictatorial (Tran, 2016). The administration was not ready to give assets for the framework of organization, so it was purchased out by the enormous national vehicle gathering. T he association under old administration is confronting different provokes identified with the supervisors disposition as he was reluctant to acknowledge perspectives on others. The truck drivers were undesired to acknowledge the change coming about to the less interest of the executives to get changes. New Work Place Practices For this situation, the association is applying Harward structure model for observing and controlling the labor in the organization. This model of HRM states that the administration must concentrate on the people (Ngui, 2016). It incorporates a few regions of HR arrangements, similar to; human asset streams, work frameworks, representative effect and prize frameworks. These four approaches lead the association and its representatives to the cost viability, skill and responsibility and upgrade the general execution of the association. The significant quality of this model of HRM is that it communicates the consistency of inner human asset approaches. Utilizing this model, the Top Trucking association concentrated on the representatives and carried new practices to set up a superior situation. At the outset, the administration designated another yard administrator. He needs to comprehend the issues identified with the last director. This new administrator is extremely positive and consistently invites new thoughts and feelings from the laborers. He won the certainty of the laborers and never put focus on the subordinates. On the other hand, he wished to spur the drivers, who are reluctant and he helped them to be sure to the changes (Leat, 2008). From that point onward, the new director settled on choice to give assets for changing the framework of organization, similar to; he supports the association to buy new trucks. This is what the past administrator didn't do. Moreover, the new administrator additionally burned through cash on purchasing regalia for drivers and he introduced the new PC framework in the product house. To start with, the laborers association didn't concede the changes, however later they took a gander at the improvement in the things. At that point, they acknowledged (Levy-Garboua, Montmarquet Simonnet, 2007). As it is said that preparation and advancement is something essential in the HRM, however the past chief didn't supervise at the benefit of preparing and improvement. New director presented an improvement and advancement program to upgrade the capacity and demeanor of laborers. There are some another premise needs of human, for example wellbeing and security. These are the critical things to keep the representatives increasingly sure at the work environment. For improving this thing, the yard director put forth attempts for improving their security and government assistance (Cania, 2014). The administration of trucking organization went through the cash in the cleaning of yard to give better workplace to the drivers and different laborers. The new practices applied by the new director and George are in light of a legitimate concern for both the association and laborers. Dangers Sustaining from the Movement of Union Delegate and Manager There are such a significant number of dangers to continuing these progressions if George or yard supervisor proceed onward. On the off chance that the key HR of the trucking organization make development, at that point there will be the hazard identified with inadequate undertaking. This is the significant danger for the associations the board. On the off chance that the undertakings, which are structured by George and yard director for advantages of association, are deficient, at that point it will be a test for the executives (Irefin Mechanic, 2014). Them two are settled in the framework and their activity will upset the likely arrangement of the association. The yard administrator, who was not old in the organization, gave his parcel of vitality and time to win the trust of the representatives or laborers. On the off chance that he proceeds onward, at that point it can build up the weakness among laborers identified with the development later on. It will likewise influence their frailty sense with respect to the tasks among laborers and the executives. As George Psaros is the association agent and he has won the certainty of the work and has high regard from them. On the off chance that he intends to proceed onward, at that point the issues will be uncertain and there will be issues in the correspondence among laborers (Muogbo, 2013). The necessary data won't be conveyed on schedule. In the association, the supervisor regularly shares the data about the presentation of yard with the truck drivers. This was another idea and this expanded the coordination among directors and laborers. He made correspondence simple and straight. For an association, representative maintenance is significant piece of the human asset the executives (HRM). This part of HR guarantees that the best labor remains in the association else it needs to invest energy and cash to prepare another part. There might be numerous reasons why the human asset may decide for proceeding onward from the association (Klehe, 2004). The reasons might be work disappointment, remuneration, advancement, chances to manage the difficult errand, awful connection with the partners and seniors and so forth thinking about every one of these reasons, the administration must plan a worker maintenance strategy for keeping best ability in the association. Agreeableness and Adaptability of the Changes at Workplace As indicated by the HR the executives writing, transport laborers association is increasingly versatile towards the progressions at work environment when contrasted with general society or administration part association (Bach Grugulis, 2015). The hands on association incorporates the laborers, who fill in as drivers, firemen, shop laborers and so on. This sort of laborers gets more prominent help from association than different representatives, who are working in private or administration part. By and large, these individuals have lower proficiency rate and scholastic information, yet they have higher manual abilities. Their installments are made on every day or hourly premise. There is a colossal interest of the hands on laborers. These laborers are more near the association than the administration. On the off chance that the progressions are applied at the work environment, at that point these individuals effectively draw in to them in contrast with different class of representatives, since hands on laborers frequently didn't show signs of improvement working condition and offices (Aldamoe, Yazam Ahmid, 2012). Thus, they anticipate better things from these changes. They imagine that it will update their status. At the point when the representatives feel progressively spurred and regarded, at that point they become increasingly faithful and profitable at the working environment. It is discovered right by inquiring about the books and diaries of human asset the board and worker relations. On account of open and administrations division associations, the administration needs to use some compelling approaches to persuade them to acknowledge the adjustments in the workplace. They need to impart the association before the new usage at the working environment; else they attempt to opp ose the changes. In the event that there are some innovation changes, at that point the association needs to direct the preparation and advancement program for the workers (Ngui, 2016). It might be over the top expensive for the organization. End As the HR are the most significant resource of an association, so the administration must put forth attempts to keep best ability in the association. On the off chance that the association needs to work with the best resource, at that point it must keep up a good ways from the risk. In the report, it was caused that the key HR working for the vehicle association were impressively progressively important. It is presumed that the association must execute the strategies for the representative maintenance. From the above report, it is evaluated that the association must concentrate on the various parts of laborers, for example, their capacities, mentality, compensation, occupation, data and their correspondence with the administration. On the off chance that laborers are not happy with these previously mentioned viewpoints, at that point the board must apply changes and propel the laborers to acknowledge them for their own advantages and improvement. References Albrecht, S.L., Bakker, A.B., Gruman, J.A., Macey, W.H. Saks, A.M. (2015). Worker commitment, human asset the board rehearses and upper hand. Diary of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance, Vol. 2 Iss. 1 pp. 7-35. Aldamoe, F.M.A., Yazam, M. Ahmid, K.B. (2012). The Mediating Effect of HRM Outcomes (representative maintenance)

Using Argumentative Essay Topics on Anxiety to Avoid Errors

Using Argumentative Essay Topics on Anxiety to Avoid ErrorsWhen you are writing an argumentative essay on anxiety, you will have to be able to address all of the topics that come up when it comes to dealing with this condition. While it can be hard to think of the correct topics, you can make use of the following tips.The two most important areas that you have to discuss in your argumentative essay on anxiety are the theory of anxiety and actual experience of anxiety. The theory of anxiety deals with the psychological aspects of this condition and its causes. It goes through the different types of anxiety, its symptoms, and other psychological reasons for having anxiety. It will also discuss the different approaches to dealing with anxiety such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, medications, etc.The actual experience of anxiety is also very important to discuss in your essay. This is because there are so many ways in which you can become aware of anxiety. One of the most common ways is through witnessing others with anxiety. You might also hear of someone who can't seem to relax. These kinds of experiences help in bringing out all the different types of anxiety.Another very important topic is the psychology of anxiety. There are many different ways in which you can deal with the psychological side of anxiety. While some people just have to stop worrying about the anxiety or the panic attacks, others will have to treat the anxiety in some other way. These include cognitive behavioral therapy, medication, the use of hypnosis, and others.Now, the final subject that you will have to discuss in your essay on anxiety is the medication that people have been prescribed. There are some people who have to use medication for the complete relief of anxiety. Some people might even have to use it for a longer period of time or in some other ways. Again, this will help in providing a much better solution to the issue of anxiety.As you can see, this is just a brief introduction to these two topics in your essay on anxiety. The thing that is really important is that you understand that the way you deal with the different subjects is very important. When you are writing an argumentative essay on anxiety, you have to be able to address all of the different topics as well as the other points mentioned above.The most important thing is that you are able to write an essay that is well written. Although you will not be able to cover all of the different topics that are considered, this will provide you with more strength in your argument.

Chemistry Laboratory Safety Quiz

Perpetuities and Annuities Example

Essays on Perpetuities and Annuities Essay Running head: PERPETUITIES AND ANNUITIES Perpetuities and Annuities Educational PERPETUITIES AND ANNUITIES 2Perpetuities and Annuities Perpetuities and annuities make guaranteed payments at regular intervals. The former have an infinite lifespan, while the latter have a finite one. While there are different types of annuities, the most common is a retirement one. An annuity is often considered by people who may have insufficient retirement income from traditional defined pension plans and who are concerned that they may outlive their present income. If the latter is a concern, then an investment broker will recommend the type of an annuity that cannot be outlived. Governments, whose employees terminate their employment with them prior to retirement age or having met a specified term of employment, hold the government and employee contributions until a minimum age and then begin paying an annuity (in actuality a type of reduced and deferred pension) for life to their former employees. Vanguard.com offers three types of annuities; namely, an immediate (income) fixed annuity; an immediate variable annuity; and a deferred variable annuity with a guaranteed lifetime withdrawal benefit (GLWB) rider, the latter not only meeting spending needs, but also guaranteeing that the annuity is not outlived. (2012). Immediate fixed annuities offer guaranteed fixed payments for a fixed period or for life. They protect from market downturns and can protect against inflation. The amount of money that a retiree will receive from an upfront payment depends upon the person’s age and gender, the amount of the initial payment, the interest rates at the time of purchase, and the chosen options. If an annuity is purchased for a certain period of time (period-certain annuity), and the purchaser dies before the end of that period, payments can be made to beneficiaries for the balance of the time period (ibid.). PERPETUITIES AND ANNUITIES 3 A fixed immediate annuity can only be cancelled in very limited circumstances. As a result, only part of one’s income should be used to buy such an annuity so that one still has some flexibility. With a GLWB, there is greater flexibility and control of one’s investment (ibid.). It should be remembered that â€Å"an annuity is a financial product issued by an insurance company. It allows for tax-deferred growth of assets. At retirement, an annuity can help to provide a guaranteed income stream for one or more people† (Hancock, 2012). Unlike an annuity, which has a fixed time, perpetuities go on forever. As a result, they are less common than an annuity because people rarely set up payment structures that last forever. Charities, however, often set up this kind of structure. Investoverse.com gives the example of a scholarship set up so that each year until the end of time one student will get $5,000.00. To make this happen the charity must know how much money to set aside to make this happen. This is calculated as a perpetuity. It does not make much sense to this student to set up a personal perpetuity, although it makes more sense to do so in the case just stated of a charity that, amongst other things, gives a scholarship each year; and to make sure that it happens, sets it up as a perpetuity. Considering that the time value of money available at the present time is worth more than the same amount in the future due to its earning potential, provided that it can earn interest (Time Value of Money – TVM, 2012), a fixed annuity with an upfront payment seems to be the preferable choice since the money begins to earn interest immediately thus increasing the value of the retirement instrument as opposed to a retirement annuity that has been built up over the years as a result of monthly payments. For a long life expectancy, an annuity where the investor cannot outlive the annuity is best; otherwise, an immediate fixed annuity for a fixed time period. PERPETUITIES AND ANNUITIES 4 References Barclay, B. (2011, October 25). Differences between an annuity a perpetuity. Retrieved on January 17, 2012, from http://www.ehow.com. Golden, S. (2009, January 22). Annuities and Perpetuities. Retrieved on January 17, 2012, http://www.investoverse.com. John Hancock. Retrieved on January 17, 2012, from http://www.Johnhancock.com Time Value of Money. Retrieved on January 17, 2012, from http://www.investopedia.com. Vanguard. Retrieved on January 17, 2012, from http://personal.vanguard.com.

Economic Trends Affecting the Organisation †Sample Solution

Questions: Task 1: Economic Analysis Selecting an UK organisation, you are familiar with: and address the followings Analyse significant Macro-economic changes (economic changes are concerned) that have taken place in the organisations external environment Analyses of Changes in Macro Environment, so only economic changes are concerned. Need to discuss following factors critically: GDP, inflation, wage rate, consumer spending, tax rate, foreign exchange rates, interest rate, employment, CPI, RPI. No need of any definition of the factors, discus how the factors are affecting the business (Be critical) Evaluate any Opportunities and Threats posed by the macro-economic changes you have identified. You have to discuss the opportunities and threat based on the changes in macroeconomic factors: GDP, inflation, wage rate, consumer spending, tax rate, foreign exchange rates, interest rate, employment, CPI, RPI that you have discussed for requirement 1. For example: Change in is interest rate is providing opportunity or threat for the company? If your answer is Threat then how? Task 2: Legal content Case Study The Law of Redundancy Following on from the themes you will have explored in answering the economics content of this assignment, you are now required to consider a hypothetical problem occurring in a fictional company, Ipswich Engineering Ltd. Even though this is a hypothetical case, you are still encouraged to make use of knowledge and experience gained from working in your own organisation and from considering its position in the economy, when approaching the task. Ipswich Engineering Ltd is a small private company that has been established in the Ipswich area for 45 years. The company has been concerned with designing, producing and installing security gates for homes and businesses in the areas surrounding Essex, Suffolk and Norfolk. It has employed designers and electrical engineers for producing the security systems, which are fitted to the gates of residential and commercial clients at their premises by a team of installers. The installers have been responsible for fitting the security devices at the premises of the companys clients and ensuring that the system works satisfactorily before leaving the site. Owing to the increasing complexity of organising the installations operations, the company has decided to cut down on the scope of its activities and to concentrate solely upon the design and production of security systems to client specifications and to contract out the installation projects. One of the consequences of this decision is that there will no longer be a need for the installers, some or all of whom may have to be dismissed. The employees concerned are as follows: Paul, who is 60 and has worked for the company for 24 years; Susan, who is 42 and has worked for the company for 1 year and 11 months; Chris , who is 27 and has worked for the company for 9 years Susan is someone who has been recognised by the company as having the potential to be a gifted designer and the company would like to offer her alternative employment in that capacity, instead of making her redundant. The company would like to know what steps they need to take in order to dismiss the relevant employees fairly on the grounds of redundancy. The company would also like to know how to go about offering the alternative employment to Susan and what principles of law apply to that process. Would your answer be any different if Susan had worked for an Employment Agency and the length of employment was three years, i.e. 36 months. Advise the company on these matters. Answers: Analysis of significant Macro-economic changes an introduction The report has emphasized on the macro-economic change and its impact on the external environment of the business of Sainsbury Plc. The evaluation of the macro-economic environment would lead this report to assess the threats and opportunity of the business of Sainsbury. The report would also discuss on the impact of the interest rate on the business of the company. Sainsbury Plc, a well-known retail organisation in the UK, which is mainly in the business of retail supermarket. The company has also many convenient stores in the suburban region of the UK where the target market is the middle class people of the society (TheGrocer.co.uk 2014; MSN 2016). The history of the company states that according to the recent statistics, the company is placed at the second largest retail company in the UK by revenue. Sainsbury also has presence in online retail business as a part of the differentiation strategy (J-sainsbury.co.uk, 2016). Analysis of changes in Macro Environment Sainsbury Plc has its presence in the UK mainly; however. It has opened its business in some of the European countries until date. The major shareholder of the company is from the foreign sovereign fund from Qatar (Hellier and Butler, 2016). Therefore, the revenue and the business of the company is mainly influenced by the change in the economy of the UK. The favourable economy of the country provides the company a favourable option to grow its business. In addition to this, there are many competitors in the UK in retail segment who are competing with the company as a part of the external environment. Some of the impact of the macroeconomic changes are discussed below in the viewpoint of retail business of Sainsbury. Discussion of the Macro-economic factors affecting the business Unemployment rate The adverse economy of the UK had affected the retail business of the company for the last two years (Uk.reuters.com 2016). The unemployment rate in the country had shocked the segment very much. In 2011, the unemployment rate of the country was 8.4% when the retail business felt the heat of low revenue generation and the shift of customers preference of groceries (Data.worldbank.org, 2016). However, the situation has changed vernacularly where the unemployment rate has stood at 5.2% (Trimble 2016). It has been provided that improvement of the unemployment rate was one of the reason of improving the retail business segment. Low employment rate of the country might reduce the income capacity as well as the consumable power for the entire economy. The retail business was depended on the middle income group mainly who were depended on the employment in the country. Therefore, the adverse situation of the job market might reduce the business for the retail business. Thereby, the recent development in the employment rate in the country was the opportunity for the company as it could increase its business with more purchasing power of the customers. GDP The complexity of the GDP provides the measurement of the material transaction capacity for the companies. The UK has improved its GDP in 2014 significantly while it laid in the negative zone in 2009 and only 1.2% in 2012 (BBC News, 2016). The country had overcome the crisis moment of the Euro economy and turnaround for having more business. It is the normal course of action for the economists to rely the growth of business with the growth in the GDP. As stated by Harchaoui (2012), GDP is the indicator of the economy as a whole. Therefore, improvement in the GDP of the country helped the business to grow as well as expectation for the future became high. In this context, we had witnessed the recovery of the GDP growth of the UK for the last couple of years (Quandl.com 2016). It indicated the growth in business in future due to overall improvement in the business. In addition to this, the expected GDP of the country had been framed at lower than the current growth. Thereby, the future situation and expectations from the business of Sainsbury had become poor. Therefore, the strategy of the company would be changed to tackle the upcoming low growth in the economy (Business and Design 2012). The company required to expand its business in the growing economy where it could make more return from its investment. Further, the company had to drift the business in the UK market by its convenience stores where the price of the products were low. The profitability from these types of stores were high due to low investment and low operating expenses. Interest rate and inflation rate The business environment has two great factors in the business inflation and interest rate. Both of them are connected to each other and moved inversely. In 2008, the interest rate of the country was 5.9% witnessing the economic crisis. Therefore, the Central Bank of the UK had lowered the rate at 0.5% for the consecutive 5 years to tackle the adverse situation in the global economy (Britishchambers.org.uk 2016). It had made the cost of borrowing low for the business. Further reduction of demand in the retail segment had made the inflation rate very low, which was not a good indicator for the development of the countrys overall GDP (Economicsnetwork.ac.uk 2016). It showed that the purchasing power had bottomed out for the general people either, or the country has experienced a deflation in the economy. However, the inflation of the country must not be very high as it increased the interest rate as well as the price of the goods (Craig and Campbell 2012). The high price of the goods became the low revenue generator in the difficult moment, which opposed the high revenue generating target for the companies. According to Findlay and Sparks (2014), higher the rate of inflation, the economy faced the challenge of macro-economic constraint in bringing the development. It could halt the improvement in the business environment as the high inflation in the economy made the interest rate high. It made the people to save much in the bank due to enjoying the high interest rate from their investment for future and the cash in hand for purchasing the new goods become low (UK economy: GDP growth, interest rates and inflation statistics 2016). High interest rate is the indication of inflation in the economy. However, the low interest rate helped the companies to enjoy the low borrowing cost as well as the overall cost of funding the capital expenditure to expand the business. Therefore, the low interest rate was the opportunity for the company to develop the business as well as to keep low the price of the product due to low holding charge of the inventories (Tonner and Wilson 2015). The current inflation rate was an opportunity for the retail business. Therefore, Sainsbury Plc had the chance of increase its business in its supermarkets as well as in the convenience stores. Foreign exchange rate The business of Sainsbury was mainly based in the UK market. Thereby, the business was not exposed to the foreign currency translation. However, the materials of the retail business were sourced from the outside of the country as many of the suppliers are foreigners. Thereby, the volatility in the foreign currency could make the business of Sainsbury risky due to adverse situation in paying the suppliers in foreign currencies (El Ouadghiri, Mignon and Boitout 2015). Further, the funding of the company was mainly from the foreign sovereign funds. Therefore, the company had to bear the risk of transaction risk associated with paying the dividends to the shareholders. The global economy was the main reason of risk associated with the foreign currency. The current exchange rate of GBP with the third world country had appreciated much (Dichev et al. 2013). The current exchange rate of GBP was 1.4341 to USD, 1.32 Euro and 9.44 Yuan (Bloomberg.com 2016). Therefore, it was an opportunity for the company to expand its business in those geographic region while the business in the USA and other European countries were still risk due to amid volatility in the exchange rate of GBP with Euro (Gov.uk 2013). The higher appreciation of the GBP of the UK had provided the opportunity in the foreign countries for Sainsbury Plc as it had to invest less in pound while the return might be higher if the economy of those countries survive the situation in future. Additionally, the company also enjoyed the low supply cost as it could pay lesser amount of GBP to its suppliers. It was also observed that the situation was adverse for the company while taking supply from the domestic suppliers as the expenses become higher (Rose and Krausmann 2013). Therefo re, the risk of unavailability of the supply remained in this case due to dependability on the foreign suppliers became high. Corporate tax rate Corporate taxation was one of the factors among the macro-economic environmental assessment as it could influence the business in financial way. The recent tax rate for the big corporation based in the country was around 20% per year as decided by the UK government (Heritage.org 2016). However, the tax rate had been reduced constantly since 2012 as the country felt the heat of the Euro zone debt crisis then after the global recession of 2008 (Higgins, Omer and Phillips 2014). The reduction of the corporate tax was witnessed in the consecutive years by 1% each and had stood 20% in current year. A low tax rate was the opportunity for the retail sector to improve the profitability as well as capture the market share in the UK. The country was going through low interest rate regime since 2012. Therefore, it had brought the chance of investing in the capital expenditure in the foreign countries to expand the business globally. The tax rate in the USA 35% while in Japan, the tax rate for the corporates was 38% during the period. Thereby, we could see that Sainsbury had the chance of developing the business as well as selling the asset sells unused in the operation. It might help the company to increase the funds in the hand of the management to develop the business and might improve the sentiment of the investment cycle in the third world (Rohlin, Rosenthal and Ross 2014). CPI The CPI is the measurement of the inflation in the consumer goods and service where the change in the price of the goods can send the message of impression on the business (Gudgin, Coutts and Gibson 2015). The consumer price of the goods and the services has included the consumer goods, which are used as the household for daily life. However, it cannot tell us the exact price influencing factor for the retail consumers due to its limitations. The index is mainly based on the urban price of the consumable goods and services. Therefore, the situation in other parts of the country could not be achieved from this index value (Lin and Qiao 2015). The current CPI value of the UK was below 2% due to low oil prices in the international market. The index was in the sky during the adverse situation like 2009 and 2011. The CPI was higher than 5 at those times. Therefore, comparing with the past situations, we could say that Sainsbury could make its revenue high due to low CPI helping the customers to consume more (Cornelsen and Normand 2013). RPI RPI is the retail price index of the country that shows the true measurement of the retail price of the products. The value of the small low retail price helps the consumers to buy more due to increasing their affordability. In this respect, the RPI of the UK has included the general household tax of the home, mortgage cost of the consumers, insurance payment and other tariffs those are required to pay for living in the society (Rose and Krausmann 2013). Thereby, the RPI has the more precision factor in understanding the affordability of the consumers from time to time. The retail price of the goods indicated the consumption by the customers from time to time in household as well as in the financial products. Thereby, the excess money in hand of the customers could be understood in this way (Santos 2013). The recent RPI of the UK is high indicating the high purchasing power of the consumers and favour the business of Sainsbury Plc. Conclusion From the above report, it can be concluded that the macro-economic factors can influence the retail business of Sainsbury significantly. The different factors can impress the retail business of the company separately. However, there is also chance of influencing the retail business with accumulating all or the multiple the factors. References Britishchambers.org.uk, (2016).Economic data. [online] Available at: https://www.britishchambers.org.uk/policy-maker/economic-data/ [Accessed 27 Jan. 2016]. Bloomberg.com, (2016). GBP to USD Exchange Rate. [online] Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/GBPUSD:CUR [Acceed 27 Jan. 2016]. Gov.uk, (2013).Pocket databank: economic indicators - ssPublications - GOV.UK. [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/weekly-economic-indicators [Accessed 27 Jan. 2016]. MSN, (2016).MSN Food UK. [online] Available at: https://food.uk.msn.com/ [Accessed 27 Jan. 2016]. Quandl.com, (2016).UK - Economy Data - Data from Quandl. [online] Available at: https://www.quandl.com/collections/uk/uk-economy-data [Accessed 27 Jan. 2016]. TheGrocer.co.uk, (2014).Sainsbury's shifts to a mid-low model pricing strategy. [online] Available at: https://www.thegrocer.co.uk/channels/supermarkets/sainsburys/sainsburys-shifts-to-a-mid-low-model-pricing-strategy/371978.article [Accessed 27 Jan. 2016]. Trimble, J. (2016).Headline Economic Indicators | UK Data Explorer. [online] Ukdataexplorer.com. Available at: https://ukdataexplorer.com/headlines/ [Accessed 27 Jan. 2016]. 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[online] Available at: https://www.economicsnetwork.ac.uk/links/data_free [Accessed 27 Jan. 2016]. El Ouadghiri, I., Mignon, V. and Boitout, N., 2015. On the impact of macroeconomic news surprises on Treasury-bond returns.Annals of Finance, pp.1-25. Findlay, A. and Sparks, L., 2014. The Retail Planning Knowledge Base Briefing Paper Town Centre and High Street Reviews. Harchaoui, T.M., 2012.The Europe-US Retail Trade Productivity Gap in a Rear-view Mirror. University of Groningen, Groningen Growth and Development Centre. BBC News, (2016).Economy tracker: Inflation - BBC News. [online] Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/10612209 [Accessed 25 Jan. 2016]. Data.worldbank.org, (2016).United Kingdom | Data. [online] Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/country/united-kingdom [Accessed 25 Jan. 2016]. J-sainsbury.co.uk, (2016).J Sainsbury plc / About us. [online] Available at: https://www.j-sainsbury.co.uk/about-us/ [Accessed 25 Jan. 2016]. Ons.gov.uk, (2016).Economy - ONS. [online] Available at: https://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/taxonomy/index.html?nscl=Economy [Accessed 25 Jan. 2016]. UK economy: GDP growth, interest rates and inflation statistics, (2016).44 charts that explain the UK economy. [online] Available at: https://ig.ft.com/sites/numbers/economies/uk/ [Accessed 25 Jan. 2016]. Business, D. and Design, D.B., 2012. Doing Business.The World Bank. 2012a. https://www. doingbusiness. org/aboutus. Rose, A. and Krausmann, E., 2013. An economic framework for the development of a resilience index for business recovery.International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction,5, pp.73-83. Heritage.org, (2016).United Kingdom Economy: Population, GDP, Inflation, Business, Trade, FDI, Corruption. [online] Available at: https://www.heritage.org/index/country/unitedkingdom [Accessed 27 Jan. 2016]. Tonner, A. and Wilson, J., 2015. Farm retailing: motivations and practice.The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation,16(2), pp.111-121. Khader, S., Rajan, R. and Sen, M., 2014. Macro-Economic Factors Affecting Ease of Business. Hellier, D. and Butler, S. (2016).Qatari shareholders uneasy over Sainsbury's Home Retail Group bid. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/jan/06/qatar-investment-authority-sainsburys-home-retail-group-bid [Accessed 27 Jan. 2016]. Lin, P. and Qiao, Y., 2015. Understanding the economic factors that have affected China's anti-monopoly law.The Economic Characteristics of Developing Jurisdictions: Their Implications for Competition Law, p.114. Task 2 Define Redundancy. The redundancy is a term associated with the employment law in the UK. The requirement of reduce the labour force in the workplace has made this law important as well as the popular among the employers. The redundancy is not associated with the disability of the employees due to physical problems, gender, pregnancy (during the maternity leave for the women), higher age of the employees etc. The law of redundancy has clearly stated that the employers have to follow the rules of the redundancy in the country in a strict manner, otherwise it would be considered as the unfair dismissal of the employees. The decision must be based on the some of the real life data and facts to prove the redundant of the certain employees. The disciplinary requirements in the workplace plays a crucial role in employment redundancy as it is the maximum case for becoming redundant for an individual in work place (Hepple 2013). Further, the rule also states there are some of the standard method to make someon e redundant in the work. The employers have to comply with the payment of the redundancy and notice period to the employees before making them redundant. Additionally, the numbers of redundancy also play a role in this case up to 20 employees can be redundant from an organisation with consulting with the employees separately (Doiron and Mendolia 2012). However, if the redundancy is made in a mass scale or more than 20 employees altogether, then the employers need to consult with the trade union as it comes under the collective redundancy (Citizensadvice.org.uk, 2016). In addition to this, it is also mentioned in this law that without consulting with the employee or the union, the dismissal becomes unfair even for a genuine redundancy situation. Has there been a redundancy on the facts of this scenario? The fact of the case stated us that Ipswich Engineering Ltd has the chance of making the employees redundant due to its decision of closing the installation division. In this respect, the installers of the companies would become redundant from the current business horizon of the company. Therefore, it could be seen that there was a clear redundancy in the operation due to closing one of the operation in the business. Additionally, it could be said that Ipswich Engineering had the three division designing, production and installation of the security systems. The three divisions had different working responsibilities and the output. Therefore, the resources required for the three departments were different for the three divisions. The installation division was engaged in the operation of installing devices in the residence of the customers and the offices. Thereby, they could not contribute other departments with their experience or their skills. So, the company can make the entire di vision of installation redundant for closing down the installation operation. Can the employer dismiss based on that redundancy? Redundancy refers to the process in which employers reduce their workforce for increasing business profitability. However, this process is complex and the company should consider the established legislations of government (Gov.uk 2016). Therefore, it can be said that the employees can dismiss employees based on the redundancy act of government. As the company is closing the section of product installation, it is obvious for the company to eliminate the employees associated with this particular job role (Moneyadviceservice.org.uk 2016). On the other hand, the company can also offer new job role to these employees for complying with the redundancy act. In case of the employee is not having adequate knowledge about the offered job role, then the company will be able to discontinue the employee from the existing post by giving a prior notice. In case of Paul, he is working for 24 years and his age is 60. Therefore, according to the redundancy Act, dismissing him from his job is an unethi cal practice of the organization (Wilkinson 2013). On the other hand, Susan is working with the company for 1 year and 11 months. As he has adequate knowledge in designing products, the company is liable to offer different post to him (Taylor and Emir 2015). Chris is working for 9 years and he is 27 years old. Apart from that, he does not have knowledge in product designing. Therefore, the company can dismiss his employment by complying with the act of redundancy. Has the employers requirement for employees to carry out work of a particular kind ceased or diminished, or is it expected to cease or diminish? As per the given scenario, Ipswich Engineering Ltd is planning to cease the department of installation process and focusing on the production of designing process of security system. As the company is focusing on ensuring that the system is working successfully after the installation process, the operation process of the company is becoming very complex (Horn 2011). Therefore, the company has planned to reduce the role of operation department for reducing organizational cost. It directly tends the company to reduce employee, those who are related to the installation department. However, the consequences of this particular decision have created different legal issues for the organization (Law 2015). As the process of discontinuing emplacement of employees is a complex process, therefore, the company is planning the procedures before taking the final decision of diminishing the installation department (Schmann 2015). If the employer decides to dismiss, would it be mainly for this reason? The main reason of taking the decision of dismissing the employee is that the company is taking down the entire department of product installation. However, in this situation, the relevant employees were not having any disciplinary report against them. Therefore, there was no other reason of terminating the employee those who were associated with the installation job (Rudman 2013). In case of Paul, he was working for last 24 years and he was at the age of his retirement. Therefore, the company was unable to dismiss his employment according to the redundancy Act UK (Geddes et al. 2013). Susan was having sufficient knowledge regarding designing of security system; therefore, the company was bound to offer him alternative post within the company (Beck 2013). If Susan was working for an employment agency and the work duration of his was 36 months, then the rules and regulations of redundancy remain same for him. In case of Chris, his age is 27 years and he is not having knowledge in prod uct designing and production. However, there is no other reason of dismissing his employment but the company can give his a notice for searching another job by following redundancy Act (Moneyadviceservice.org.uk 2016). Is Susan, who is 42 and has worked for the company for 1 year and 11 months entitled to redundancy pay? The case study is showing that Susan is 42 years old and working for the company for 1 year and 11 months. Therefore, according to the Act of redundancy pay, if an employee is working more than 1 year, then the company is bound to pay them the redundancy amount at the time of dismissing employment. According to this Act of redundancy, Susan is entitled for redundancy pay (Horn 2011). Apart from that, as he is capable with designing and production job, the company should offer him alternative job role at production department before dismissing his employment. If Susan was a employee under an agency, then also he was able to retain the redundancy pay. The process of availing the redundancy pay is same for the direct employees and agency employees both. Is it correct for Ipswich Engineering to consider suitable alternative employment for Susan? If yes, explain how the company can go about it? According to the redundancy act, a company should follow a three-step process while taking decision of taking down a particular department. The three-step process includes the following- 1) The Company should consult with the employees before enabling the particular strategy. 2) The company should give option to the employee for moving in to a different job role. 3) The company should give a notice period to the employee for finding new job. In case of Susan, it can be evident from the case study that he is having adequate knowledge in manufacturing products (Rudman 2013). On the other hand, the company is having two different operation processes such as manufacturing unit and installation unit. Therefore, while following the three-step process, the company should offer the post of a designer to Susan. Offering Susan the designer post will be beneficial for the company, as he is capable with product manufacturing and designing. However, the other employees do not have sufficient know ledge regarding this job role. Therefore, it can be said that, the company can communicate with Susan and give the proposal of changing his job role within the company (Beck 2013). If he agreed with the management decision, then the company can change his designation. In either case, if he does not agree with the managements decision, then the company should give him a notice period for searching another job. Explain what steps should Ipswich Engineering Ltd take in order to dismiss Paul and Chris fairly on the grounds of redundancy? In order to dismiss Paul and Chris fairly on the ground of redundancy, Ipswich Engineering Ltd should follow the following steps. Consultation with the employees In the first step, Ipswich Engineering Ltd should consult with Paul and Chris regarding the current organizational situation. Moreover, the company should also communicate with them regarding organizational decision regarding ceasing the department they belongs to (Hepple 2013). It helps the management to take their decision regarding this matter. As these employees are working with the company for long time, the company should consider regarding their future activities within the organization (Flynn et al. 2013). Therefore, the company should consult with Paul and Chris regarding this matter before taking the final decision of dismissing the operation of installation process (Prassl 2013). Option for moving to another department As per the redundancy Act, the company should offer the employee alterative positions to the employees. In this step, the company should evaluate the efficiency level of the employee related to the other job role within the organization (Woodcock et al. 2014). It helps the company to reduce sudden changes within the organization (Eamets 2013). In this process, Paul is 60 years old and working for last 24 years. He does not have any knowledge regarding design and manufacturing process. On the other hand, Chris was working for last 9 years and he is not accustomed with the design and manufacturing process (McKay et al. 2013). In this context the company should pay the actual redundancy pay to these employees before terminating their employment with the organization. Therefore, the following step should be applies for these two employees (Sargeant 2009). Notice period After following the above-mentioned steps, the company should give Paul and Chris a notice period of 1 week for searching suitable job. The entire process is fair and complying with the redundancy act of UK government (Bisom-Rapp and Sargeant 2013). In this period, the employees can search another job and easily maintain their professional life as it is. Apart from that, the company should also pay the redundancy pay to both of these employees at the time of dismissing employment (Dawson 2009). As Paul is senior employee of the organization and at the stage of his retirement, the company should continue his employment until his retirement stage (Eamets 2013). Otherwise, he can claim an unfair practice of terminating his employment before completing the entire working life (Hall and Edwards 1999). He can also claim that the company has terminated his employment due to reduce unnecessary wages after his retirement and paying him a onetime amount, which is known as redundancy pay (Li an d Moon 2003). The total amount of redundancy pay is far lesser than the amount payable after retirement. Thus, the company should continue employment of Paul for the rest of his employment life (Rudman 2013; Anderman 1992). Is an agency worker entitled to the same rights as of employee? In case of agency workers, the redundancy act will remain same. Therefore, it can be said that the company or agency should offer alternative job role to the employee on the time of dismissing his or her employment. Apart from that, the employee will be entitled for the redundancy pay after 12 weeks of employment (Sargeant 2009). The pension enrolment will be same for the agency employees (Ashcroft 2008). The other facilities will be entitled for the employees those who works under agency after completing 12 weeks of employment (Deakin 1986). Therefore, it can be said that the employees those who are working under agencies can get the same benefits like he permanent employee those who are working with direct company (Schmann 2015). References Higgins, D., Omer, T.C. and Phillips, J.D., 2014. The influence of a firm's business strategy on its tax aggressiveness.Contemporary Accounting Research. Citizensadvice.org.uk, 2016. Redundancy procedures your employer must follow - Citizens Advice. [online] Available at: [Accessed 25 Jan. 2016]. 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