Great Leader assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Great Leader assignment - Essay Example Lincoln was idealistic yet practical. Abraham Lincoln’s great skills in leadership showed in all his endeavors even as a member of the House of Representatives. As a great leader, Abraham Lincoln showed pure resolve when he decided that America should free all the slaves and save the Union. In the same way that America’s Founding Fathers did almost a hundred years before his time, Lincoln made a decision to free the people once more. In 1837, even before becoming president, Lincoln had already made it clear that he was against slavery. In 1856, he even expressed opposition towards former President Franklin Pierce when the latter allowed Nebraska and Kansas to choose for themselves whether or not to adopt slavery. His led the opposition to slavery even when he was still a member of the House of Representatives. Moreover, despite his strong involvement in the slavery issue, Lincoln helped to pass bills that modernized the economy in the Pre-Civil War era, with bills that promoted the constructions of canals, banks and railroads, and those that regulated tariffs (â€Å"Abraham Lincoln,† Biography.com, 2014). Although Lincoln was fighting against slavery when he was still a Congressman, he knew he would be more useful if he applied himself to practical aspects of the economy such as infrastructure. As a leader, Lincoln had the resolve and determination. When he became President, Lincoln’s skills in leadership were put to a great test and one which he passed with the victory of the Union during the Civil War. Even at the expense of around 24,000 American soldiers, Lincoln’s leadership showed in his great moral resolve to free the slaves at any cost. The election of Jefferson Davis to the newly founded Confederacy was the blatant response of the South to Lincoln’s election to the presidency. Thus, in order not only to free the slaves but to save the Union and the integrity of

Education - Teacher Essay Example for Free

Education Teacher Essay Honorable guest of honors, ministers, parents, friends, and students, l would like to welcome you to Borrowdale Brooke Academy Sports day. School sports day is a red letter day on the calendar. It is a day when students are freed from their classrooms to jump and run around, freed from the fetters of learning. It is a day for mothers to wear their summary best and fathers to cheer on their sons. It’s a day when children who may struggle with academic subjects show that they can race faster or jump further than anyone else. It’s a day for red faces and perspiration where t-shirts and shorts are the order of the day. It’s a day for starter guns or teachers with whistles. School sports day is a day for cameras and videos and smiling faces. It’s a day for triumph and disasters, for successes and failures. Speeches are given and medals are presented and, overall, it’s a day for sportsmanship and making memories. This year, I am pleased to see, many are competing encompassing over 50 staff and family members in a wide variety of events. Not least of which is the tug-of-war which I am told will be vigorously contested. As I look around here today I am reminded once again of just how passionate teachers are about sport and what great competitors you all are. One of the consistencies I see when I watch students play at school is the love BBA Students have for sport. And what a great thing sport is on so many levels. Beyond the obvious health and activity benefits, sport can teach us much about life. It teaches us about teamwork, it teaches us how to get along with others, and it teaches us to work together to achieve a common goal. It’s also about trust and responsibility and about dealing with success and failure. Sport also helps us learn about coping with pressure and the need to stick with training in order to improve. As well as the benefits to individuals, sports and physical activity also bring great benefits to communities through such things as improved health and education, rehabilitation, crime prevention, and gender equality. Another important aspect of sports is its ability to make people feel they are part of something. In a survey done on our last sports day, everybody interviewed said that â€Å"the event made them feel a part of Borrowdale Brooke Academy. Borrowdale Brooke Academy recognizes the value of using sport as vehicle for development But while the challenges are great, so is the commitment to find solutions. I want to acknowledge all the good work done by Teachers and also parents. Everybody has a responsibility to work towards making communities safer. To achieve that goal parents and teachers need to work closely together. This sports day is an excellent way to bring people together in a relaxed environment that will build lasting networks and friendships across the sector. I congratulate the organizers and particularly the director of studies Mrs. Henney, the principal Mrs. Rutsito and his deputy Mr. Muridzi, the technical coordinators Mr. Maviki, and other members of the organizing team who have done a great job in putting together today’s program. And now it only leaves me to wish all competitors good luck and to declare the First annual Borrowdale Brooke Academy Sports Day open. Thank you.

Because I could Not Stop for Death by Emily Dickinson Essay -- Becaus

Emily Dickinson was born in Amherst, Massachusetts, on December 10, 1830. Except for a few months of travel, she remained in Amherst until her death. Dickinson began, in her twenties, a gradual retreat into the confines of the homestead, the house in which she was born, until for the last fifteen years of her life she didn't leave its grounds and saw no one but her brother and sister. As her withdrawal intensified, Emily's principal method of communication was through her letters. Emily Dickinson died on May 15, 1886 after an illness. ( Harold Bloom 11 - 13) Modern readers are apt to comment upon the frequency with which Dickinson returns to this subject of death. (Wolff, Cynthia, G. 749) "Because I could Not Stop For Death" was written in about 1863 (Kennedy 740) The poem is comprised of six stanzas of four lines each. The poem is long and aligned to the left. The rhyme scheme is ABCB in its first and last two stanzas; however, stanza three and four has different rhyme schemes as stanza three is read ABBC and stanza four is read ABCD. She frequently applies the use of personal pronouns; for example, in the first stanza of the poem, she uses the pronouns "I", "He", "Ourselves". In the second stanza she uses the pronouns "We", "He", "I". In the third stanza she uses the pronoun "We", in three out the four lines composing the stanza. As Harold Bloom, editor of "Bloom's Major Poets ' Emily Dickinson' " says,† When Dickinson declares her "I," these instants become our own" (Bloom 38) The use of pronouns in the poem makes us, as the readers, get involved so deeply into the poem so that we get to feel the protagonist of the poem which is of course the speaker. Most stanzas are composed of a two -beat line but the majority is three b... ...re is a paradise waiting for us. Works Cited Dickinson, Emily. "Because I could Not Stop For Death." Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. 4th Compact Ed. XJ Kennedy and Dana Gioia . NY: Longman, 2005 Wolff, Cynthia, G. "Dickinson And Death." Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. 4th Compact Ed. XJ Kennedy and Dana Gioia . NY: Longman, 2005 Bloom, Harold. "Biography of Emily Dickinson." Bloom's Major Poets. Edited And With An Introduction By Harold Bloom: Emily Dickinson. Comprehensive Research And Study Guide. Harold Bloom. Broomall, PA: Chelsea House Publishers, 1999 Tate, Allen. "Allen Tate On Emily Dickinson." Bloom's Major Poets. Edited And With An Introduction By Harold Bloom: Emily Dickinson. Comprehensive Research And Study Guide. Harold Bloom. Broomall, PA: Chelsea House Publishers, 1999

Ralph changes †How does Golding show this? Essay

Golding uses several ways to describe and show what is meant. One of the characters that Golding has used writing to show how he has changed is Ralph. Ralph is firstly described as a child with no sense of responsibility. After he is selected as leader and several situations occur on the island, he becomes a good realistic leader. Ralph is one of the first characters described in the book. Before anything else, Golding introduces two characters. One we later find is called Ralph, another named Piggy. When Ralph first finds himself on the Island he doesn’t appear to have a vast sense of responsibility, or to be very mature in his thoughts. We can see this as when Piggy asks ‘All them other kids†¦Some of them must have got out. They must have, mustn’t they?’ Ralph’s reply is to get up and casually walk over to the water. Golding, instead of having Ralph reply ‘I don’t care’ or another known ignorant phrase has written that he just gets up and casually walks over to the water. This is not only a different way of showing that Ralph is not too bothered about being responsible, but creates a question in the readers’ mind. ‘What is it with this character?’ and can cause them to become tense, wanting to find out more. In the same conversation with Piggy, Ralph is again shown to have no real sense of maturity. Piggy is showing Ralph a cut on his arm and Ralph again doesn’t seemed to be bothered by it. ‘The fair boy (Ralph) reached out and touched the jagged end of a trunk. For a moment he looked interested’. Here Golding has said straight out that Ralph almost looked interested but really could not care less. Ralph again shows his ignorance by relying on his father to save him, whereas Piggy knows that is not going to be the case. ‘I could swim when I was five. Daddy taught me. He’s a commander in the Navy. When he gets leave he’ll come rescue us.’ I feel Golding chose this section of Speech from Ralph to show that he is relying on other people and does not think that he has to be dependable. He thinks that everything will be alright because his dad will come and rescue him. He is making no real effort to do things for himself, or for the others. As the book continues, Ralph and Piggy meet more children on the island and they all decide to elect Ralph as leader. At first Ralph does not appear to have been a good choice for a strong leader as he rushes into things. He gave Jack control of the choir straight from the beginning of his leadership, ‘The choir belongs to you, of course’. Golding has shown here that Ralph is trying to think responsibly by giving Jack control of the choir so that he doesn’t have to control everything himself, Democratically. But also that Ralph rushed straight into this decision. If he had stopped and thought about it, he could have had time to think of all the consequences of this decision. The fact that Jack could use this power to overthrow him. Later, however, Ralph does realise that he has to think over his decisions before he enforces them. He says ‘Listen, everybody. I’ve got to have time to think things out. I can’t decide what to do straight off. If this isn’t an island we might be rescued straight off’. This quotation also shows that he is beginning to think about being rescued since he has had the power of leadership. He is beginning to think more maturely, responsibly. Ralph shows signs of a strong leadership as the story goes on. Golding shows these by implementing them in Ralph’s speech and reactions. After he has become leader, his reactions to certain situations change. One of which is the situation that exists when the boys need to find out whether the island is actually an island. Ralph says ‘So we’ve got to decide if this is an island. Everybody must stay round here and wait and not go away†¦. Three of us will go on an expedition and find out.’ Here Golding is showing Ralph’s thoughts are starting to be trained and precise, reacting upon a situation. Earlier on in the book Ralph showed that he did not care to hear about Piggy as he stood on his head whilst he was talking to him. Golding later writes ‘There was no place for standing on one’s head. This time Ralph expressed the intensity of his emotion by pretending to knock Simon down; and soon they were a happy, heaving pile in the under-dusk’. This is explained by Golding to show that Ralph’s behaviour has also changed since he has had to become more responsible as chief. After Ralph has decided that a fire must be kept alight on top of the mountain to send smoke signals to a passing ship and that there had to be somebody maintaining the fire, Piggy took the conch. He stated that the firewood was piled up too much for a small fire. At that moment, the fire began to spread into the dead wood and across into trees. The island began to catch fire. In all the commotion, a smaller child was caught in amongst the fire and wasn’t seen again. ‘That little ‘un†¦.. him with the mark on his face, I don’t see him. Where is he now?’ Ralph was not able to say or act upon this case but was all part of his learning. Golding shows that Ralph realises he has done wrong and needs to think more before he acts by having him repeat part of his speech in amazement and shame. ‘Ralph muttered the reply as if in shame. â€Å"Perhaps he went back to the, the—–â€Å"‘. Later in the story Ralph remembers the little child and acts upon the situation that caused the memory to appear in the front of his mind. Another situation that causes Ralph to act and use the power of his leadership is when Jack takes the two twins, who are on fire watch, off to go hunting for meat when they are not really needed. Ralph and Piggy notice that a ship passes the island but at that point there is no smoke from the fire. They rush up to the top of the mountain and try to get some smoke before the ship passes. Unfortunately the ship passes before any smoke was made for signalling. When Jack and the others get back from a successful hunt they are all boasting. One of the first things that Ralph says to Jack is ‘You let the fire out’. Again, this shows Ralph’s change in attitude when he has to react to a situation. He has a sense of responsibility and a rage inside him because nobody listened to his reasoning and rules about the fire. Ralph continues to show his anger at Jack as he repeats his point that he took the twins away from the fire and let the fire out. He then said to relight the fire ‘Ralph’s final word was an ungracious mutter. â€Å"All right. Light the fire†. Here again, Golding is showing Ralph’s realisation of the situation by stating that Ralph is acting maturely with his power even though he may want to just shout at Jack for it. Ralph later uses his authority to show that he is taking charge. ‘I’m calling an assembly†¦.even if we have to go on into the dark’. This shows that Ralph does not care for messing around and immaturity at this time. He cares about his rules, keeping the fire alight and doing something about being rescued. In contrast to the beginning of the book, Ralph has taken it upon himself, along with his leadership, to start thinking about being saved after bad situations have occurred and he has realised that daddy won’t save him, its up to him to get everybody saved.

Waiting for Superman

Brad Mitchell Ms. Campbell ENG 101 01 October 2012 Waiting for ‘Superman’ The film â€Å"Waiting for Superman† follows five children as they have to struggle through a system of conflicting education regulations and avoid the academic pitfalls that are public schools in order to receive a proper education that may guarantee them a career. The film, directed by Davis Guggenheim, asserts the claim that Teachers' Unions are a main problem to public education, and that charter schools are the safest and most definite method to ensure that a student acquires a proper education.While the film was created with good intentions to improve the education of American students, it has been dismissed by most due to the film seeming to demonize Teachers’ Unions and overly-praising charter school systems. Although public schools have indeed faltered since the 1970’s, it does not mean that private schools and charter schools are the go-to solution. The truth is, publ ic school systems have been proven to perform just as well as, if not better than, the charter schools that the film seemingly praises as a definitive solution.An article from The Washington Post by Rick Ayers talks about a survey run by the Center for Research on Education Outcomes, or CREDO, saying that it â€Å"concludes that only 17% of charter schools have better test scores than traditional public schools, 46% had gains that were no different than their public counterparts, and 37% were significantly worse. † (Ayers. ) Another popular argument that the film expresses is that the Teachers' Unions should be reformed because the regulations that the unions created make it nearly impossible to fire a bad teacher.Although Teachers' Unions do have room for improvement, throughout history and across the globe the unions have done more good than harm. The American Federation of Teachers and the National Education Association were created to abolish the discriminatory pay rates between male and female teachers, and to establish a firm group to ensure that changes to school systems would not be made without representation and that teachers as a whole would not get the short end of the stick. Waiting for Superman† highlights Finland as having one of the best school systems in the world, while in fact ninety-percent of the Finnish labor force is operated by unions. Dana Goldstein wrote in an article for The Nation: You also don't learn that in the Finnish education system, much cited in the film as the best in the world, teachers are—gasp! —unionized and granted tenure, and families benefit from a cradle-to-grave social welfare system that includes universal daycare, preschool and healthcare, all of which are proven to help children achieve better results at school. Goldstein. ) The film also continuously bashes tenure as ‘good idea turned horribly wrong’, saying that it allows bad teachers to sit in class and do nothing to te ach their students without risk of being fired. Tenure was created to ensure that university professors would not be fired for political reasons or when there was a change in administration. When it branched out to public schools, tenure protected every teacher from being replaced due to absurd reasons like race, religion, or sexual preference.Several surveys have shown that most principals say they would indeed have the authority to fire a terrible teacher if the need arises. The other main point that â€Å"Waiting for Superman† argues about is the funding of public schools versus the funding of charter schools. Public schools are federally funded, meaning that decisions made concerning the school and its administration are made by the state, which fall under a set of federal regulations.Charter schools, however, are privately funded, originally by parents and teachers who were committed enough to start a school under their brand of administration and regulations, as time we nt on, though, more people created their own charter schools mainly for the purpose of gaining more money from applicants and showing little care for the education of students, if only to keep their charter school operating. â€Å"Waiting for Superman† has received both positive and negative reviews since its debut in September 2010. Many critics say that the film is little more than charter school propaganda.While it may seem that way, especially with all the accusations of statistical inaccuracy, the film should not be completely ignored. Davis Guggenheim has fulfilled the purpose of the movie by raising awareness about the quality of public education, and alerting the public to the mess that is the work of Teachers' Unions and theirs' and the governments' conflicting regulations. The United States government and the people of the public must work together and reform and improve the nation's education system for the benefit of their children in the short run, and for the be nefit of their nation in the long run.Works Cited Dana Goldstein. â€Å"Grading ‘Waiting for Superman'. † The Nation. 23 September 2010. The Nation. 20 September 2012. . Rick Ayers. â€Å"The Answer Sheet. † The Washington Post. 27 September 2010. The Washington Post. 20 September 2012. . fairtest. â€Å"The Real Facts About ‘Waiting for Superman'. † FairTest. 29 September 2010. n. p. 20 September 2012. .

Make a Glow in the Dark Pumpkin

Make a Glow in the Dark Pumpkin You can make a glow in the dark pumpkin with a jack-o-lantern face using a common non-toxic chemical. The jack-o-lantern doesnt require carving or fire, shines in rain or wind, and lasts as long as your pumpkin. Plus, the glowing pumpkin looks really spooky! Glow in the Dark Pumpkin Materials Its very easy to make a glow in the dark pumpkin and it doesnt require many materials: Pumpkin (real, carved, or artificial)Glow in the dark paintPaintbrush (optional)Masking tape to form a jack-o-lantern face (optional) Make the Pumpkin Glow Basically, ​all you need to do is coat a pumpkin with glow in the dark paint. The glow in the dark paint can be obtained from any arts and crafts store. You can use glow in the dark acrylic paint for making models, glowing tempera paint, or glow in the dark fabric paint. I used glowing fabric paint, which dries clear and is waterproof. Paint your pumpkin.Shine a bright light on the pumpkin, then turn out the lights. If the pumpkin does not glow as brightly as you would like, apply one or more coats of glow in the dark paint. Creating a Jack-o-Lantern Face For this project, the jack-o-lantern face is the part that does not glow. If you are using a carved jack-o-lantern, youve already got a face. If you just want a glowing pumpkin, you simply coat the pumpkin with glow in the dark paint, and youre finished. If you want a face on an intact pumpkin you have a few different options for creating it: Trace a face on the pumpkin and paint around the face.Tape a face on the pumpkin, paint the entire pumpkin  and remove the tape when the paint is dry. How Long Will the Glowing Pumpkin Glow? How long your pumpkin glows depends on the chemical used to make it glow and the light you used to charge your pumpkin. Zinc sulfide is a phosphorescent non-toxic chemical used in most glow in the dark paints. If you shine a bright light on it, you can expect it to glow for several minutes up to an hour. If you shine an ultraviolet lamp or black light onto the pumpkin, it will glow more brightly, but probably not any longer. Newer phosphorescent paints are based on rare earth elements. These pigments glow very brightly, usually in green or blue, and can last a full day. If you use tritium-based paint, you will not need to apply light in order to make your pumpkin glow, plus the pumpkin will glow pretty much until the end of time (at least 20 years). How Long Will the Glowing Pumpkin Last? The type of pumpkin you use will determine how long your glowing pumpkin will last. If you paint a carved jack-o-lantern, expect the pumpkin to last a few days to a week. An uncarved pumpkin may last a few months. An artificial pumpkin can be used year after year.

Beowulf Good VS Eviel essays

Beowulf Good VS Eviel essays The Story of Beowulf is a classic epic poem that contains the forces of good and evil against each other. In this story evil is in the form of a horrible monster known as Grendel. Grendel is a very powerful monster who is attacking the people of Denmark. The mighty warrior known as Beowulf represents the forces of Good. He hears of what Grendel is doing to the Danes and quickly comes to the rescue. In the opening part of the story we learn what a horrible monster Grendel is. His thoughts were as quick as his greed or his claws: He slipped through the door and there in silence snatched up thirty men and smashed them (35-39). These lines show Grandes heart of stone and thats he is evil by killing whatever he wants. Grendel slips through the shadows of night and continues killing the Danes every night, represent the sneakiness of his evil. Beowulf, the brave soldier lives far away from Denmark. The poem displays him to be good when he learns of the monster Grendel and comes to the rescue. In his far-off home Beowulf, Higlacs follower and the strongest of the geats heard how Grendel filled the nights with horror and quickly commanded a boat to be outfitted (90-94). Thus showing how good at heart Beowulf is by protecting others from evil. When Beowulf arrives at Denmark his reputation proves he has come to help and he and his men are quickly taken into Denmark and Cared for. The Danes explain to Beowulf of the monster and pray he can help them. They agree to watch over his boat for him. Grendel comes one night to find Beowulf and kill him. He kills the first geat he comes to and then awakens Beowulf. Beowulfs strength overpowers that of Grendel and Beowulf mortally wounds the Monster. Grendel then flies to Die in his Den, and Beowulf has defeated the evil monster. In this poem good triumphs over evil. Beowulf being brave and good at heart comes to destroy the evil...

Whats a Good 7th Grade ACT

What's a Good 7th Grade ACT / SAT Score SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The SAT / ACT is incredibly important for many students. It's used to determine admissions into talent programs like Duke's TIP or Johns Hopkins CTY. It's also a good predictor of future college potential. But how do you know what a good SAT / ACT score is for someone in middle school? Here, Dr. Fred Zhang does a novel analysis on two data setsto find what is considered a good score for middle school students. The ACT andSAT Are Made for High School Students. What Does This Mean for You? First, a bit of background is needed. The ACT / SAT is primarily used as ahigh schooltest forcollegeadmissions. This means a few things. The SAT is normed at 500 points per section, while the ACT is normed around a 20. Norms are enforced average scores for high school students. Check out these links if you want to know more about what's a good ACT score for a high school student, or what's a good SAT score for a high school student. If you use atable for high school students to examine a middle school student's score, your results will be completely wrong. You need to use a guide, like this one, that is specifically crafted for middle school students. Also, remember that the content on the ACT / SAT is high-school level, including geometry and topics usually tested in US high schools. Therefore, performing badly on these tests in middle school should not be taken as a lack of ability - sometimes it's just the result of never having learned the content. How We Found the Data Few 7th graders take the SAT / ACT, so finding out what's a good or bad score is not as easy as looking at a table of percentiles from the test makers. Instead, we use two unique data sets: the Duke TIP program data set and the John Hopkins CTY data set. (In regards to the new SAT, we came up with these estimates based on data from the old version of the SAT, but we expect them to stay pretty accurate for the new version of the testthat will have its first administrationin March 2016.) These are groups of very talented 7th graders who take the SAT / ACT, so we can't just take the average and distribution of these data sets to look for an average for all 7th graders. Instead, we used a statistical technique called quantile matching / maximum likelihood to infer the distribution of all 7th graders. The two data sets agree, and here arethe results. Results: Distribution of 7th Grade ACT / SAT Scores The average scores of a 7th grade student are lower than those of a high school student. In fact, we find that the scores on the SAT are a full 400points lower, while the scores on the ACT are about 10 points lower. Therefore, the SAT score of the median7th grader is about a 300 per section on the SAT, while the ACT score of the median7th grader is about a 10. A standard deviation in the SAT is around 100 points per section, and is around a 6 on the ACT. This means that the scores translate as follows: Interpretation Percentile ACT Score SAT Score Below Average 25% 4 200 Average 50% 10 300 Above Average 75% 16 400 Excellent 95% 23 500 What this data shows us is that, if you score about an 10 on the ACT or a 300on each section of the SAT (or a 600 with both sections combined), you're getting about the average score for a 7th grader. If you score around a 4on the ACT or a 200for each SAT section, then about three-quarters of other 7th graders would have a higher score than you. What's a Good SAT / ACT Score for a 7th Grader? From the table above, we can conclude that a good SAT / ACT score for 7th graders, a score that beats three-quarters of similar students in the USA, is a 16 on the ACT and an 800on the SAT. However, as I warned above, the SAT / ACT is not intended to evaluate 7th graders, so don't despair if your score is lower than this. You can always boost it later by learning the content and studying more. How Can 7th Graders Prepare for the SAT / ACT? Now that you know what a good standardized test score for a 7th grader is, how can you keep improving your score until it's where you want it to be? We have a lots of guides to help you understand the SAT and ACT. First, you will want to decide if you should start preparing for the SAT or ACT in 7th grade.If you decide to take one of these tests in 7th grade, check outthis guide that explains how 7th graders can begin their test preparation for the SAT or ACT. Practice tests are very important for standardized test prep as well, and we have manyfree and official SAT practice tests and ACT practice tests. You mightalso be interested in preparing forstandardizedtests that students typically take before the SAT and ACT. We have complete guides to both the new PSAT and the ACT Aspire tests. Use these resources and you'll be well on your way to getting a strong score the next time you take the SAT or ACT! What's Next? The college admissions process has become so competitive that it's helpful to plan well in advance for SAT/ACT prep during high school. Here are a few guides to help your thinking: How long before the SAT should you study? Can you start test prep even in middle school? Is it appropriate? Want to score a perfect SAT or ACT score? Read our guide to scoring the maximum SAT score possible, written by our resident perfect scorer. (ACT edition here). Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT and ACT prep classes. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160+ points or your ACT score by 4+ points. Our classes are entirely online, and they're taught by experts. If you liked this article, you'll love our classes. Along with expert-led classes, you'll get personalized homework with thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step, custom program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Try it risk-free today:

Comparesion pepsi and coca cola Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Comparesion pepsi and coca cola - Assignment Example Often the treatment received by these multinational corporations in the foreign land is similar to that of the host country. In order to find new markets and resources, companies expand their business operations in the potential markets of the third world countries. However, for sustaining in the new markets, they are often compelled to formulate a new set of strategies that is completely different from that of their home countries. In the course of their operations in foreign market, multinational companies face various impediments in the form of alien culture, varied buyers’ taste & preferences, different political, legal and economic conditions. To sail through these menaces, the foreign companies often undergo mergers with their national counterparts as the latter is more equipped in dealing with local issues. This paper will attempt to analyse the behaviour patterns of multinational companies in the light of different strategies implemented by them in different countries. For this purpose, Pepsi and Coca-Cola have been selected as they are respected names in the world of MNCs. A brief introduction will be given in the beginning of the project which will attempt to analyse its objectives and organisational structures. It will be followed by a discussion on their global business and internal analysis which will not only help to identify their basic nature but will also provide an overall idea of their situation in the world market. The rapid change in lifestyle has suddenly made the beverage industry one of the most profitable in the global market. The two undisputable rulers are PepsiCo and Coca-Cola especially in the ‘cola soft drinks’ section. PepsiCo is a celebrated brand in the international beverage industry. Formed in 1890s by Celeb Bradham, its main objective was to develop digestive syrup that would be delicious as well. Though it has

The Dangers of Water Pollution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Dangers of Water Pollution - Essay Example Heavy metals can leach into the water supply when it comes into contact with the drinking water as it is transported from the source to the faucet. The effects can range from a mild inconvenience to serious health problems in humans. It can cause a mildly upset stomach or may result in a terminal illness. Animals and fish, even more sensitive to many pollutants and these toxins, can be placed at risk when the ecological system of our rivers and lakes is disrupted. Whatever form the water pollution takes, it is certain to threaten the food supply, damage recreation areas, and be a major threat to human health. When toxic chemicals leach or are spilled into the water system the wildlife that depends on that supply suffers. In the case of an oil spill from a tanker, the results are fast and obvious. Wildlife, fish, and birds are immediately threatened with the crude oil sludge. The oily sludge permeates their fur and feathers handicapping any hope of the animal's survival. This form of pollution is highly visible and causes damage that can be easily measured and evaluated. We can readily see the animals die as they encounter this water pollution. However, other types of pollution that threaten our wildlife are not so readily apparent. Industrial chemicals that leach into our water supply, streams, and lakes may not be visible to the human eye. They may not kill fish instantly as the fish survive the moderate levels of the toxins that are present. Many industrial pollutants, however, build up in the fish and wildlife over time. PCBs, a known carcinogen that has been banned, continues to pers ist in our environment and water supply (Environmental Defense Fund, 2006). Dioxin and heavy metals also have a long term poisoning effect on the fish. When a human eats the contaminated fish, they ingest the pollutants that have been stored in the fish. Consuming this source of food on a regular basis can cause severe health problems and lead to death. Water pollution will eventually poison not only the fish, but also the birds that feed on the fish and the prey that feeds on the birds. This will cause a widespread contamination of our environment and result in many of our food sources being unavailable or unhealthy to eat. Often times when wastewater from a sewage system is improperly discharged into the environment it contaminates a public area that is used for swimming or recreation. This contaminated wastewater carries potentially dangerous viruses, parasites, and bacteria with it. The U.S. Center for Disease Control (CDC) lists over 20 different types of biological agents known to pollute recreational areas (Nester, Anderson, Roberts, Pearsall, & Nester, 2001). The effects of these waterborne pathogens can be as mild as a case of diarrhea or as serious as meningitis. High fever, liver infection, and birth defects have been traced to water pollution caused by contaminated wastewater discharged into a public lake or beach (Nester et al, 2001). Though these contaminates do occasionally foul our drinking water supply, the most likely contact the public has is at a common recreational area. The CDC documents all reported cases of illness caused by polluted water and found during the period of 1995-1996 of the 12000 cases of disease caused by contaminated water, a full 75 percent were contracted in a public beach or swimming facility (Nester et al, 2001). These statistics show not only the seriousness of the

Case 6-1 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case 6-1 - Coursework Example ce of bank loans by the branch manager, the internal auditor, and perhaps the state regulatory authorities, should make sure that authorization does not extend to recording and documentation or custody of funds. These should be performed by different employees or officers. The auditors will make sure that the branch manager, being the head of the office, does not override the internal control system in order to commit fraud. It will also ensure that the branch manager does not exceed his authorized limit of loans he can extend without head office or committee approval. The branch manager had physical custody of the checks, or had complete, unchallenged access to them, relating to the transactions he had authorized (the release of the loans). He signed the checks (custodial function) in addition to authorizing the loans. The discharge of these two duties by the same person made it possible for the fraud to happen: This was obviously a violation of the principle of segregation of duties within the internal control system. Moreover, the power of the branch manager over hiring and firing, as well as evaluating performance and promoting the employees, also served as a deterrent to the employees to question anything that the branch manager would want to do. In other words, the branch manager, being the top supervisor who was ipso facto not directly accountable to anyone at the bank branch, had absolute control over what took place in his branch relative to any loan or financial transactions. The trust reposed by subordinates on their superior officer is an obstacle to the disciplined application of any management control system, hence there is a need for an independent audit at certain intervals. The internal auditor should make not only regular audits but also surprise audits on the branch and examine all transactions, check and reconcile all records, and interview the employees on the processes and procedures they actually followed in carrying out their

Roles in an Investigation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Roles in an Investigation - Essay Example investigation, I would play the role of helping the investigators carry out their duties to know the cause of the death and act as a counselor as well. I would do research and aid in investigating all the possible reasons that might have caused the Chief’s death. After identifying the cause of the death, I would know the cause of the death, as well as the possible criminal responsible for the act. Therefore, the issue leading to the death of the chief would be discussed and counseling would be a major role to play to help people prevent future reoccurrence of the incidents. By playing a role of counseling, I would also assist the affected family to recover quickly from stress show them how to deal with problems and handle them effectively. Kocsis (2009) believes that the concept of psychology autopsy is not a simple concept hence hard to explain. He depicts that psychology autopsy is a mechanism that is largely recognized for evaluating possible circumstances that were behind a certain death. Further still, other psychologists consider it as a research paradigm in which all the types and reasons that may lead an individual to committing suicide are studied. Despite the fact that its operational application has its origin from coroner’s investigation, it developed to a point where the state of mind of the deceased person is evaluated. This reconstruction is usually based on information that is obtained from individual documents, police reports, and interviews with friends or the families, medical records and other people who had the contact with the victim before his death. The purpose of psychological autopsy is to carry out an accurate death process of the decedent, hence classifying the death mode in the deat h certificate. This method requires detailed information in the decedent’s life and many interviews from decedent’s social environment, friends, and families. There are two major trends that are used in psychological autopsies, which include

Answer the 5 questions of investment portfolio management Essay

Answer the 5 questions of investment portfolio management - Essay Example Present value of Dividends employs the cost of equity as the discount figure. Operating free cash flow is the cash residue after eliminating direct costs, working capital and capital expenditure needed for future growth, but before any payments to suppliers of capital. The firm’s weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is the discount rate employed in determining operating free cash flow. Free cash flow to equity refers to operating free cash flow less payment to debt holders (Strong, 2008). The firm’s cost of equity is used as the discount rate. Present value of Cash flow allows a degree of flexibility for changes in sales and expenses, which implies varying rates of growth over time. However, present value of cashflow valuation approach has a weakness in that it is heavily dependent on growth rates of cash flows and the discount rate estimates. Relative valuation approach to security valuation offers information on how the market is presently valuing the stock. Compon ents measured using the relative valuation technique include the price earning ratio, price to sales ratio, price to book value and the price to cash flow. Unlike the present value of security valuation, relative valuation approach does not offer insights as to whether current valuations are appropriate. Thus, valuations could be too low or high at a certain point in time. As such, Relative valuation is suitable when there are comparable firms in terms of the risk, industry and size in the market. It is also appropriate when the aggregate market and the entity’s industry are not under valuation extreme. That is to mean that the collective market and the firm’s industry should not be acutely overvalued or undervalued (Strong, 2008). Both cash flow approach and relative valuation approach have several factors in common. One is that they are both affected by the investor’s required return on the stock since this return rate becomes a significant element of the disc ount rate. Secondly, the two valuation approaches are affected by the growth rate estimation employed in the valuation technique such as dividends, sales or earnings. Therefore, the two approaches may be considered as complementary. 2. The concepts of systematic and unsystematic risk, variance, covariance, standard deviation and beta as each of these relate to investment management. Unsystematic risks refer to the kind of uncertainty that is associated with the industry in which a company operates. Unsystematic risks are also referred to as specific risks or diversifiable risks for they are specific in each industry, and they are reduced through diversification. Unsystematic risks arise as a result of factors particular to an industry or the firm such product category, marketing, research and development and pricing. Systematic risks refer to the kind of uncertainty that is inherent in the whole market segment. They are also referred to as market risks or non-diversifiable risks bec ause they are inherent in the entire market and diversification do not result in their reduction. Systematic risks are such as war, inflation, change in taxation, global security perils and political instability that affect the functioning of firms in all industries. Total risk is a combination of systematic and unsystematic risks. Variance is the measure of volatility from the mean. Variance helps an investor to establish the risk involved in purchasing a certain security. A higher variance indicates greater variability and thus greater risk. A greater variance also

Roles in an Investigation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Roles in an Investigation - Essay Example investigation, I would play the role of helping the investigators carry out their duties to know the cause of the death and act as a counselor as well. I would do research and aid in investigating all the possible reasons that might have caused the Chief’s death. After identifying the cause of the death, I would know the cause of the death, as well as the possible criminal responsible for the act. Therefore, the issue leading to the death of the chief would be discussed and counseling would be a major role to play to help people prevent future reoccurrence of the incidents. By playing a role of counseling, I would also assist the affected family to recover quickly from stress show them how to deal with problems and handle them effectively. Kocsis (2009) believes that the concept of psychology autopsy is not a simple concept hence hard to explain. He depicts that psychology autopsy is a mechanism that is largely recognized for evaluating possible circumstances that were behind a certain death. Further still, other psychologists consider it as a research paradigm in which all the types and reasons that may lead an individual to committing suicide are studied. Despite the fact that its operational application has its origin from coroner’s investigation, it developed to a point where the state of mind of the deceased person is evaluated. This reconstruction is usually based on information that is obtained from individual documents, police reports, and interviews with friends or the families, medical records and other people who had the contact with the victim before his death. The purpose of psychological autopsy is to carry out an accurate death process of the decedent, hence classifying the death mode in the deat h certificate. This method requires detailed information in the decedent’s life and many interviews from decedent’s social environment, friends, and families. There are two major trends that are used in psychological autopsies, which include

Physiological vs. Technological birth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Physiological vs. Technological birth - Essay Example Before a choice is made, one however has to analyze the pros and cons associated with both the normal physiological route of delivery and technology assisted cesarean section (Lowden, 2002; Cohen, 2003). In an age where time is considered equivalent to money it is not surprising when people opt for quicker and also pain-free delivery procedures rather than time-consuming vaginal ones. Many mothers also have a constant fear about the passage of a baby through the birth canal and a c-section prevents all these anxieties. Additionally the oozing of the amniotic fluid, excretion of human wastes in some cases, sweat and tears which are normally associated with normal vaginal birth is also avoided. In other words, a c-section ensures a more clean and hygienic delivery in keeping up with the modern trend. While these are the pros associated with a c-section, one should also consider the after-effects of such a procedure. The procedure does ensure a pain-free delivery, however, post-op there are several problems which have to be overcome by the mother. The pain after a c-section persists for a while and the mother would have to take pain killers and in case they have an infection they will have to take more drugs to control them. There is also the burden of the scar left from the surgery which would present for quite a long time. The time taken to recover is more compared to that of normal pregnancies and hence such mothers cannot get into their routine for quite some time. Thus if the mother has other small children it would be quite a task to manage them. Above all, the risk of maternal death is high in cesarean sections as compared to vaginal deliveries. The presence of a scar or any other tissues after delivery can also lead to other problems such as bowel obstructions or infertility and might affect subsequent pregnancies. Moreover research also states that cesarean mothers are

Couples counseling Essay Example for Free

Couples counseling Essay Woman is a greatest creature of the god. Woman plays an important role in every man’s life. There is a woman behind the every successful man. Men and women are made for each other. Actually they are life partner of each other, but the chance of the death of a partner is more for women than for men. There is a ratio of 1:4 between men and women. It means chance of the death of a married man is 4 times greater than the chance of the death of a married woman. Generally aged men become widower than young man (U. S. Census Bureau). There are many of similarities and differences between the experiences of the widowers and widows. Comparisons are done by the many people between widows and widowers. But there are some unique experiences in the life of widowers. The course of bereavement is wrought with diversity and variability among widowers. Widowers are not able to adapt the death of their wife easily. Some widowers face greater difficulty in adaptation the death of their wives. But many widowers ultimately become able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions. (WIDOWERS, 2007) Couple’s counseling is a way of solving the problems of widowers. Couple’s counseling is based on the problems of the widower. A widower can take help of the Couples counseling for recovering. It has proved that Couples counseling is very beneficial for widowers. Problems are handled in a best way in the Couples counseling. Widowers have to attend the counseling session to discuss the problems in life. Solutions are suggested by the experts and â€Å"how to get those solution? †, is also suggested in Couples counseling. â€Å"How to deal with current problems of life? † is also learned to the widowers in these Couples counseling sessions. There specific problems are also discussed and solved in these sessions. The main aim of the Couples counseling is to provide a better way to solve the problems. The problem of loneliness, emptiness and past memories are the main problems of a widower. (Will) When a man lost his wife then he feels like a limb is cut from his body. Wife is a very important part of a man’s life. She is a person who kept them organized. A man is not called complete without a woman. That’s why loosing wife is very painful. Couples counseling has become very essential at this time for widowers because wives are â€Å"the primary source of protection, support, and comfort† for men. Wives show a right direction to the husbands. Death of the wife means being lost without a compass. Widowers feel great loneliness after the death of their wives because they are dependent of wives for many things such as organization the home, caring of children and wives are supposed only true confidant of the husbands. Hence widowers need help after the death of their wives and this help is provided by the Couples counseling. It is very difficult for a widower to express himself. He cannot express his emotions easily. In such type of conditions Couples counseling sessions are very helpful. . (WIDOWERS, 2007)

Effect of Spontaneous Breathing Trial (SBT) Duration

Effect of Spontaneous Breathing Trial (SBT) Duration Effect of Spontaneous Breathing Trial (SBT) Duration on the Clinical Outcomes of Mechanically Ventilated Patients Admittted at Medical Intensive Care Units of a Tertiary Government Hospital In Davao City INTRODUCTION Background of the Study: Mechanical ventilation (MV) is primarily used to support patients whose respiratory function is compromised due to a variety of reasons. However, several studies have shown that prolonged MV among intensive care patients is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Thus, MV should be discontinued promptly as soon as patients are capable of breathing spontaneously. Furthermore, patients who are dependent on MV stay longer in the intensive care unit, requiring dedicated care and frequent monitoring. The inadequate number of intensive care unit beds necessitates maximizing the use of limited resources in delivering essential care to critically ill patients. Discontinuing mechanical ventilation in a well-timed and safe manner should lead to desirable outcomes for both patients and clinicians. Hence, strategies that assist in early withdrawal of patients from mechanical ventilation should be investigated. The process of liberating from mechanical support is known as weaning. In most studies, it was noted that nearly half of the total duration of mechanical ventilation is spent in the weaning process. Each day, a set of weaning predictors is tested and patients who meet the criteria proceeded to a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT). Several researches set the SBT at 120 minutes. The American Thoracic Society guidelines recommend SBT for 30 minutes to no longer than 120 minutes. In our institution, current practice involves an overnight duration of SBT. The optimal duration of SBT, however, is not known. The long duration of SBT requires close monitoring of a critically ill patient, which is challenging for the limited number of intensive care unit staff. Hence, this study will investigate the hypothesis that short (30 minutes), intermediate (120 minutes) and long (overnight) duration of SBT have similar clinical outcomes. Review of Related Literature: Mechanical ventilatory support is used when spontaneous ventilation is insufficient for the sustenance of life. The word supportis emphasized in this context since mechanical ventilation is not a cure for the underlying disease, but it is at best a type of support, offering rest to the patient while the disease processes are treated. A study by Esteban et al showed that half of the intensive care units in North America had at least 40% of adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation. This data is similar to that of a prospective study involving 20 countries in 2004, where it was reported that 33% of patients required mechanical ventilation. Invasive mechanical ventilation is a risky, uncomfortable, and costly procedure that should only be utilized when indicated. Major indications for mechanical ventilation are: (1) partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2) cannot be maintained above 50 mm Hg despite high levels of delivered oxygen; (2) partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood rises above 50 mm Hg; (3) ventilation becomes inefficient and/or exhausted; (4) airway protection. According to Esteban et al (2002), the most common causes for mechanical ventilation were acute respiratory failure in the postoperative period (20.8%), pneumonia (13.9%), congestive heart failure (10.4%), sepsis (8.8%), trauma (7.9%), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (4.5%). The goal of mechanical ventilation is to improve ventilation, oxygenation, and lung mechanics. However, as is the case with other medical therapies, the benefit of mechanical ventilation comes at a price. An Indian study revealed that 55 of the 100 mechanically ventilated patients admitted at a university hospital developed complications as follows: nosocomial pneumonia (29%), gastrointestinal hemorrhage (11%), airway complications, (10%), cardiovascular complications (8%), equipment failure (7%), and barotrauma (2%). The most common complication is ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) which occurs 48 to 72 hours or thereafter following endotracheal intubation. The incidence of VAP ranges from 9 to 27%, with mortality rate of between 33 to 50 %. A local private tertiary institution reports a lower incidence of VAP at 7.6%.In this institution, a total of 621 adult patients were intubated from September to December 2014. Of these patients, 13.3% developed ventilator-associated pneumon ia. Numerous studies report that weaning from mechanical ventilation after the underlying reason of respiratory failure has been resolved, account for more than half the total duration of mechanical ventilation. In some trials, however, weaning comprise only 40% of the whole duration of mechanical ventilation. Nevertheless, the duration of weaning is an important component that needs close attention. In a study by Coplin et al higher mortality, more cases of pneumonia and longer hospital admission was reported in patients who underwent more than 48 hours delay of liberation from mechanical ventilation. Hence, physicians should be encouraged to minimize the duration of weaning. Researchers have long recognized the complications of mechanical ventilation. They have proposed multiple techniques to facilitate the transition to spontaneous ventilation. Successful weaning from MV at any time was reported to be associated with a higher survival rate. Generally, weaning has two components. The first component is a list of â€Å"readiness to wean† criteria based on clinical factors that help decide if a patient is ready to breathe spontaneously. Ely and colleagues developed a scoring system wherein all five criteria should be met to pass the screening test. The criteria are as follows: the ratio of the partial pressure of arterial oxygen to the fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) had to exceed 200; the PEEP should not exceed 5 cm H20; there had to be an adequate cough during suctioning; the ratio of the respiratory frequency to the tidal volume should be less than 105 breaths per minute per liter; and no infusions of vasopressor agents or sedatives. The second component is the spontaneous breathing trial (SBT), a period of unassisted breathing during which the patient is observed for signs of respiratory failure. Several studies have investigated the methodology for weaning. The commonly used techniques are T-piece, synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV), or Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV). The traditional mode of weaning is the T-piece weaning, which involves attaching the endotracheal tube to a T-piece such that one of the two remaining limbs of the T is connected to a humidifier, which supplies humidified oxygen while the third limb is left open to allow for exhalation. The primary disadvantage of this method of weaning is that apnea, low VE and airway pressure alarms are disabled, and close visual monitoring is required. However, this type of weaning provides an estimation of post-extubation breathing, resulting in rapid recognition of patients who are able to tolerate weaning. One of the potential areas of study is improving processes that shorten the spontaneous breathing trial. Three previous studies conducted in years 1999, 2002 and 2003 demonstrate the equivalence of 30 minutes and 120 minutes SBT using both T-piece and PSV protocols. Based on these trials, Macintyre (2012) recommended that an SBT should be at least 30 min but no longer than 120 min to allow proper assessment of ventilator discontinuation Similarly, White reported that the length of an SBT should be approximately 30 minutes to 120 minutes. However, an overnight duration of SBT has been in practice in this institution for many years due to limited data on the success rate of extubation using a shorter SBT duration. After the patient is able to sustain spontaneous breathing, the next step is to ascertain whether the patient can tolerate extubation. This is an important decision, as both delayed and failed extubation are associated with prolonged ventilation and mortality. Several factors may predict extubation failure after a successful SBT. The decision to extubate patients is largely based on the ability to clear secretions and protect the airway. A weak cough and moderate volume of secretions are also associated with extubation failure. Some studies suggest that a Glasgow coma score of ≠¤ 8-10 is correlated with extubation failure since increased risk of aspiration occurs in patients with reduced level of consciousness. Other characteristics recognized as risk factors for extubation failure are: older age, severity of illness on ICU admission, prolonged duration of ventilation prior to extubation, and continuous sedation

Succot: The Jewish Holiday :: essays research papers

Succot: The Jewish Holiday After the Exodus from slavery in Egypt, the wandering Jews lived in tents or booths, called Succots. They were pitched wherever they happened to stop for the night. Today it is called the Succot the festival of booths remembering both the ancient agricultural booths and those of the Exodus. The harvest festival of thanksgiving, Succot, begins five days after Yom Kippur, and lasts for eight days. The first two days are the most holy, during which most Jews do not work. The families construct the booths and decorate it with branches, and leaves, fruits, and other designs. The roof is covered lightly, so the stars and the sky can still be seen. Most Jewish families eat all their meals in the Succot, while some even sleep in them. During the Succot festival, thanks are given for all growing plants by using four plants which are symbolic of all the rest. These four plants also represent the Jewish people. The Etrog, or the citrus fruit, stands for the people who are educated in the Torah and who do good deeds. The Lulav, or branch of the date palm, stands for the Jewish people who have knowledge but no good deeds. The Hadas,or myrtle, symbolizes the people who do good deeds, but are not educated. The Aravah, or willow, stands for the people who have no good deeds and no education. These plants are carried around the synagogue in a procession while prayers are recited for blessings on the land and fruit of Israel. In biblical times, the willow, the palm, and the Etrog were used in decorating the Succot. At the end of the Autum harvest, on the fifteenth day of Tishri (September-October) Succot is celebrated. It is believed that the festival originated with the ancient Canaanite celebration after the grape harvest at the end of the annual dry season. During this time rites were performed to incourage the rains. Boughs of fruit trees and evergreens were made into little booths which the early Jewish farmers lived during the festival. The last day of Succot is called Simhat Torah. It means the "rejoicing of the Torah." On this day, the reading of the Torah is completed, and is then Succot: The Jewish Holiday :: essays research papers Succot: The Jewish Holiday After the Exodus from slavery in Egypt, the wandering Jews lived in tents or booths, called Succots. They were pitched wherever they happened to stop for the night. Today it is called the Succot the festival of booths remembering both the ancient agricultural booths and those of the Exodus. The harvest festival of thanksgiving, Succot, begins five days after Yom Kippur, and lasts for eight days. The first two days are the most holy, during which most Jews do not work. The families construct the booths and decorate it with branches, and leaves, fruits, and other designs. The roof is covered lightly, so the stars and the sky can still be seen. Most Jewish families eat all their meals in the Succot, while some even sleep in them. During the Succot festival, thanks are given for all growing plants by using four plants which are symbolic of all the rest. These four plants also represent the Jewish people. The Etrog, or the citrus fruit, stands for the people who are educated in the Torah and who do good deeds. The Lulav, or branch of the date palm, stands for the Jewish people who have knowledge but no good deeds. The Hadas,or myrtle, symbolizes the people who do good deeds, but are not educated. The Aravah, or willow, stands for the people who have no good deeds and no education. These plants are carried around the synagogue in a procession while prayers are recited for blessings on the land and fruit of Israel. In biblical times, the willow, the palm, and the Etrog were used in decorating the Succot. At the end of the Autum harvest, on the fifteenth day of Tishri (September-October) Succot is celebrated. It is believed that the festival originated with the ancient Canaanite celebration after the grape harvest at the end of the annual dry season. During this time rites were performed to incourage the rains. Boughs of fruit trees and evergreens were made into little booths which the early Jewish farmers lived during the festival. The last day of Succot is called Simhat Torah. It means the "rejoicing of the Torah." On this day, the reading of the Torah is completed, and is then

Loss of Humanity in The Lottery

In Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† there are many themes to pick up on, however the one that seems to be the most important is the theme of humanity. In this short story many things burst out at the reader but the theme of humanity is one that the reader must be looking for. The loss of humanity is apparent in the story because of the activities they are acting upon, their feelings of others, and the connation in which they speak. First and forth most, the lottery in which Jackson rights about is almost the opposite of what most states participate in today. Though the opening statement wouldn’t lead you to believe so, â€Å"The morning of June 27th was clear and sunny, with the fresh warmth of a full-summer day†¦the grass was richly green† (247) This expositions set the story out to be almost fairy-tale like, by showing the reader a perfect town. However it is far from this, the town is much worse than any evil step mother. The town is participating in an act of murder, even if they believe it is justifiable. The act of the lottery starts off with the gathering of the town. Soon the men began to gather†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (247) This than lead to the families gathering with their own. â€Å"The women, standing next to their husbands, began to call the children†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (247) The plot doesn’t become dark until the black box shows up. (248) Once the plot as become dark it stays that way until the ending. â€Å"‘It isn’t fair, it isn’t right,† Mrs. Hutchinson screamed, and then they were upon her. †(252) though there are certainly more than a few examples of the loss of humanity however this the one that sticks out like a sore thumb. When the people are upon her it isn’t a trait of human kind, at not least the human kind of the past few centuries, that is something that animals do and not â€Å"civilized† humans. Secondly, the way that they talk about their neighboring towns shows the loss of humanity. First shown with Mr. Adam’s talking of the northern town and the loss of the lottery. When Old Man Warner hears he is all but happy. This was best shown by Brandon Ramos in his article, â€Å"Old Man Warner’s moral steadfastness helps to keep the village in check. He never even takes the time to explain the importance. He defends it, however, he never explains it. A lot of the villagers probably don’t even know why they do this. † (Ramos) Though the last part does show signs of a modern religion it is not something that is showing the humanity that it should. Not only was Old Man Warner enraged by the statement made about the other town he proceeds to say that it is actually that that makes them less civilized. He even goes as far to say that they are reverting back to old ways, â€Å"Next thing you know, they’ll be want to go back to living in caves,† (250) He is saying without the lottery they are become cavemen, which is eerie because it is the lottery in fact that makes them even less like cavemen or Greek citizen how worshipped the sun or the gods. This brings it to the last point, the way they speak shows sighs of inhumanity. The most prominent example of this is the title of Ramos’s article. It was said by Old Man Warner, once again, but it read, â€Å"Lottery in June, corn be heavy soon. (250) (Ramos), this suggests that the murder in the lottery is nothing but a sacrifice to make the harvest as plentiful as possible. Another example, though not speech, this example is of body language and how the town’s people showed it off. The way that Tessie is pleading at the end and yet the body language of her fellow ton’s folk is nothing but normal. The last example would be how quickly here friends and family choose to turn on her. Her husband, never even said a word about the result of the lottery. And her friends seemed to have turned on her faster than anyone else did. Mrs. Delacroix selected a stone as large she had to pick it up with both hands and turned to Mrs. Dunbar ‘come on. ’ She said ‘Hurry up. ’† (252) The sum of it all is that through out the story the town’s people showed inhumanity through the acts that surrounded the lottery. Old Man Warner was the biggest supporter of the lottery even though he never supported why. The whole town supported him through and through tough it was morally wrong in many ways. Lastly the way the town’s people spoke and presented themselves showed nothing but inhumanity.

Everyone’s Favorite Food: A History of Burritos Essay

Joy, happiness, satisfaction, these are all words that come to mind when people think of burritos. Burritos are large tacos filled with any filling you may want, wrapped in a delicately made flour tortilla shell. Burritos have a very interesting history, beginning with when it was first made and ending with where it is today. According to Linda Watts, The History of The Burrito, Helium, last accessed December 5, 2010, Juan Mendez created the first burrito. He owned a taco stand in Ciudad Juarez in Northern Mexico. He wanted to be able to keep his tacos warm so he wrapped them in a flour tortilla shell. He did not know it at the time, but this new way of maintaining the heat of tacos, was going to be a huge hit. It did not take long for people to catch on to the idea. There are many different ways to make a burrito. The History of the Burrito, which I mentioned before, states that an authentic Mexican burrito is usually made with one or two fillings, while our form of the burrito is made with many fillings. Some of their fillings include meat, beans, chili rajas, potatoes, or asadero cheese. We fill our burritos with some of these ingredients. Our burrito also includes sour cream, salsa, many different cheeses, guacamole, or many other things. A New Mexican burrito includes one ingredient with or without cheese. There are also different forms of the burrito. A young girl named Tia Sophia invented the breakfast burrito in 1975. Her form of the burrito included potatoes and bacon and it was served wet with chili and cheese. In 1980, McDonald’s used Tia’s idea to make its own form of the breakfast burrito. Theirs includes eggs, cheese, peppers, sausage, and hot or mild sauce if you choose. Taco Bell created another different version of this burrito in the 1990s. One of the most famous burritos in the U.C. is the San Francisco burrito. It is made with many different things according to what the person wants. Some people have even chosen to make theirs veggie. There were many disputes over who created this type of burrito. There were also disputes over who created the flavorful burrito bowl and the chimichanga. The burrito bowl was created in 200. It is a burrito fajita without the tortilla. The chimichanga is created by putting a burrito in hot water. So, as you can see, the burrito has branched off into tons of different delicious treats that we all love and enjoy. Many people love burritos. According to United States Burrito Machine Patent, from Google Scholar, last accessed December 1, 2010, a great burrito lover created a mechanism called the burrito machine. He had a hard time folding his burritos perfectly. Well, this device fixed all that. The burrito machine perfectly folds burritos to where the filling will not fall out. While the tortilla shell is in the machine it is created and filled with whatever fillings you wish to stock it with. As you can tell this man, like millions of others, love burritos. Many people wrongly assume burritos and tacos are the same. But, the burrito is actually quite different then the taco. A burrito contains beans, unlike the taco. Burritos are much larger than ordinary tacos. Burritos are made to be wrapped up, keeping your fillings inside. This is not the case for the taco though. The taco was not originally made to be wrapped in a tortilla shell. When you bite into a burrito, and then a taco, you can tell the difference immediately. Very few people think there is not a difference. But, there are some very distinct differences. When the burrito was first made, according to Burritos from Mahalo.com Incorporated, last accessed December 5th, it was originally called the food of the burrito, but it was later shortened to burrito. The well known burrito was made popular by Northern Mexico and then the American gold miners. The word burrito means little donkey in Spanish. Courtesy of The History of the Burrito that I mentioned before, in Northern Mexico the burritos are called burritas. In Southern Mexico they are called tacos de harina which means wheat flower tacos, because they are made with special wheat flower tortilla shells. In conclusion, the burrito is a great invention that millions are very grateful for. Although many give credit to the taco for this great flavor, they are extremely wrong. The taco is not the same as the burrito. In fact, the taco was created long before the burrito was, so they should not make this mistake. Burritos were discovered by Juan Mendez. It is originally made with only one ingredient. But, it has changed over the years and is now made tons of different ways. Some people have even been inspired by this revolutionary food to create very handy and useful devices, such as the burrito machine. There are many different places that you see all around the world that sell burritos, places like Taco Bell, El Meson, El Rodeo, On the Border, and many more. The burrito has come a long way since it was created. It traveled from Mexico throughout the entire world. Millions of people love this cherished and delicious treat. I am sure it has many more years of adornment.

Boundary Issues Essay

When working in the human service profession you must understand the importance of setting boundaries. One of the most important aspects a counselor should instill into their work ethics is to build a strong, health line of communication and trust between themselves and their clients. This line of trust can determine whether there will be a therapeutic session and if it will end in success, or detriment. Professionals must understand that mixing a personal and professional relationship could produce a negative outcome. One of the easiest ways to prevent boundary crossing is to acknowledge, and adhere, to the Code of Ethics which is provided by the organization of employment. A Code of Ethics is a set of principles of conduct within an organization or business that guide decision- making and behavior. The purpose of ethic codes is to provide professionals, clients and other interested persons with guidelines for making ethical choices in conduct of his or her work. How can a counselor identify certain scenarios to protect themselves and their clients from such damage? As a counselor you should be clear on your limits as a provider. Make sure the client understands that boundaries are set to keep each party involved focused on the work at hand. Identifying poor boundaries: You and your client call each other friends and interact outside of the facility where you work. Valuable gifts are exchanged between you and the client. You reveal personal information that is not relevant to your client case. You find yourself discussing the client and his or her case during social interactions with your friends and family. Knowing the consequences of poor boundaries: Without professional relationship boundaries you may not provide appropriate services to your client. If you are acting as the client’s friend, and not his or her provider, you may not challenge the client to deal with presenting problems. Failure to set professional boundaries can cause you to burn out from caring for the client beyond what is required of a professional relationship. If you do not maintain a professional relationship you can find yourself acting in an unethical manner. How to prevent poor professional boundaries: Explain your role as provider and the limits of your availability to the client outside of office hours at the beginning of the relationship. Make it clear that the client will only be able to contact you at the facility and that your personal life (outside of  the relevant information you volunteer) is not up for discussion. Make sure any personal information you reveal (called self-disclosure) is helpful to the client’s case. For example if the client is a rape victim, it is important to talk about your history of rape (if any) and the resources you used to change your life. You are making the session about you if you discuss parts of your personal life that are not relevant to the client. When a client crosses the professional boundaries, redirect them by immediately clarifying your role and the limits of your relationships with the client. Discuss boundary issues with your supervisor, colleagues or your own therapist. Be sure to maintain good physical emotional and mental health so you work at your personal best. Review the code of ethics.

FINAL ESSAY Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

FINAL - Essay Example However, there are possible legal theories that will govern the litigant’s trial strategy. For instance, if the defendant is impecunious and his liability insurance will not cover punitive damages it will not make sense to pursue punitive damages since it is commonly believed that when juror’s award punitive damages they tend to be quire modest in compensatory damages awards. Guided by this legal theory the litigant will likely proceed with a trial strategy that abandons a claim for punitive damages.(Blanchard, p. 502) In Blanchard’s second example, the plaintiff is injured in a car accident in which the defendant driver had consumed alcoholic beverages prior to the accident. While the consumption of alcohol is evidence of the defendant’s negligence the defendant might adapt a legal theory that supports a contention that the plaintiff knew that the defendant had been drinking and therefore voluntarily assumed the risk by getting in the car driven by the de fendant. Based on this legal theory the plaintiff’s trial strategy will involve shifting the focus away from the defendant’s alcohol consumption.(Blanchard, P. 503) There are two methods by which a witness can be compelled to appear at a trial at a specific time for the purpose of cross-examination. One method is by application to the court for a pretrial order requiring the witness to appear for cross-examination. Once the court makes the order the witness is under an obligation to appear or face prosecution for contempt of court. (Blanchard p.510) The second method of compelling a witness to appear at a trial at a particular time for cross-examination is by virtue of a subpoena. Proof of service of the subpoena is necessary following which the court has the authority to hold a non-complying witness in contempt or to delay proceedings until such time as the witness can be brought to court by

Th Ntur f Pristhd in th Church f nglnd (nd hw I might xrcis my Essay

Th Ntur f Pristhd in th Church f nglnd (nd hw I might xrcis my ministry tdy) - Essay Example In mÐ °ny pÐ µÃ ¾plÐ µs Ð µyÐ µs, hÐ ¾wÐ µvÐ µr, thÐ µ Church Ð ¾f ЕnglÐ °nd hÐ °s Ð °s its primÐ °ry distinguishing mÐ °rk its brÐ µÃ °dth Ð °nd Ð ¾pÐ µn-mindÐ µdnÐ µss with sÐ °int dÐ µvÐ ¾tiÐ ¾n tÐ ¾ priÐ µsthÐ ¾Ã ¾d. ThÐ µ mÐ °in bÐ µliÐ µf Ð ¾f thÐ µ church rÐ µfÐ µrs tÐ ¾ thÐ µ fÐ ¾llÐ ¾wing: Every child of God is a priest! ЕvÐ µry mÐ °n Ð °nd wÐ ¾mÐ °n whÐ ¾ is Ð ° ChristiÐ °n hÐ °s Ð µntÐ µrÐ µd "thÐ µ priÐ µsthÐ ¾Ã ¾d." (Owen, 2002). ThÐ µ Ð ¾nly high priÐ µst in GÐ ¾ds systÐ µm tÐ ¾dÐ °y is in hÐ µÃ °vÐ µn† ChristiÐ °ns Ð °rÐ µ priÐ µsts Ð ¾f GÐ ¾d. ThÐ µ priÐ µsthÐ ¾Ã ¾d undÐ µr thÐ µ lÐ °w wÐ °s Ð ° vÐ µry hÐ ¾nÐ ¾rÐ °blÐ µ Ð °nd sÐ °crÐ µd Ð ¾fficÐ µ, HÐ µb. 5:4, â€Å"Ð nd nÐ ¾ mÐ °n tÐ °kÐ µth this hÐ ¾nÐ ¾r untÐ ¾ himsÐ µlf, but hÐ µ thÐ °t is cÐ °llÐ µd Ð ¾f GÐ ¾d, Ð °s wÐ °s Ð Ã °rÐ ¾n.† It wÐ °s Ð ¾n Ð °ccÐ ¾unt Ð ¾f this hÐ ¾nÐ ¾r thÐ °t thÐ ¾sÐ µ prÐ ¾ud mÐ µn, KÐ ¾rÐ °h Ð °nd his cÐ ¾mpÐ °ny, Ð µnviÐ µd Ð Ã °rÐ ¾n; Ð °nd GÐ ¾d Ð °ssÐ µrtÐ µd Ð °nd vindicÐ °tÐ µd Ð Ã °rÐ ¾n’s right tÐ ¾ it, by cÐ °using his rÐ ¾d tÐ ¾ bud. It wÐ °s Ð °n hÐ ¾nÐ ¾r which, bÐ µfÐ ¾rÐ µ thÐ µ giving Ð ¾f thÐ µ lÐ °w, whÐ µn Ð µvÐ µry pÐ °rticulÐ °r fÐ °mily wÐ °s wÐ ¾nt tÐ ¾ Ð ¾ffÐ µr sÐ °crificÐ µs fÐ ¾r thÐ µmsÐ µlvÐ µs, thÐ µ firstbÐ ¾rn usÐ µd tÐ ¾ clÐ °im, Ð °nd thÐ µrÐ µfÐ ¾rÐ µ thÐ µ birthright wÐ °s sÐ ¾ much Ð µstÐ µÃ µmÐ µd Ð °nd vÐ °luÐ µd. ThÐ µrÐ µfÐ ¾rÐ µ JÐ °cÐ ¾b hÐ °d such Ð ° dÐ µsirÐ µ Ð ¾f hÐ °ving thÐ µ birthright Ð ¾f his brÐ ¾thÐ µr ЕsÐ °u, Ð °nd ЕsÐ °u’s dÐ µspising Ð ¾f it is spÐ ¾kÐ µn Ð ¾f Ð °s Ð ° grÐ µÃ °t instÐ °ncÐ µ Ð ¾f his prÐ ¾fÐ °nÐ µnÐ µss. PriÐ µst in thÐ µ Church Ð ¾f ЕnglÐ °nd is sÐ °id tÐ ¾ bÐ µ Ð ° chiÐ µf mÐ °n Ð °mÐ ¾ng his pÐ µÃ ¾plÐ µ, LÐ µv. 21:4, â€Å"But hÐ µ shÐ °ll nÐ ¾t dÐ µfilÐ µ himsÐ µlf, bÐ µing Ð ° chiÐ µf mÐ °n Ð °mÐ ¾ng his pÐ µÃ ¾plÐ µ, tÐ ¾ prÐ ¾fÐ °nÐ µ himsÐ µlf.† BÐ µcÐ °usÐ µ thÐ µ Ð ¾fficÐ µ Ð ¾f thÐ µ priÐ µsthÐ ¾Ã ¾d is sÐ ¾ hÐ ¾nÐ ¾rÐ °blÐ µ, it is nÐ ¾ticÐ µd Ð °s Ð ° wickÐ µd cÐ ¾ntÐ µmpt Ð ¾f it in sÐ µvÐ µrÐ °l wickÐ µd kings, thÐ °t thÐ µy mÐ °dÐ µ Ð ¾f thÐ µ mÐ µÃ °nÐ µst Ð ¾f thÐ µ pÐ µÃ ¾plÐ µ priÐ µsts. PriÐ µsthÐ ¾Ã ¾d is vÐ µry sÐ °crÐ µd Ð ¾fficÐ µ, Ð °nd thÐ °t Ð °bÐ ¾vÐ µ Ð °ll Ð ¾thÐ µr Ð ¾fficÐ µs. LÐ µv. 21:6, â€Å"ThÐ µy shÐ °ll bÐ µ hÐ ¾ly untÐ ¾ thÐ µir GÐ ¾d, Ð °nd nÐ ¾t

Women in Politics in the Progressive Era Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Women in Politics in the Progressive Era - Essay Example At the end of 19th century women were considered the moral guardians and the protector of the home. During the progressive era, female reformers used ideology that in order to fully protect the home, females should shift to the public scope where they could practice their ethical power over matters such as public hygiene and education which eventually had huge impacts on the homes (Schneide & Schneider 106). Before having the right to vote the women participated in the political arena by joining volunteering organizations to work for reforms in the country. Efforts began to develop at the grassroots level and extended to the state and national level. These women carried out research, executed program, and pushed for the legislature to look into social, political, and economic problem. Middle class club women and settlement workers were to organize and address issues concerning education, healthcare, and political corruption while working women got organized in their own and in partnership with middle class women to raise welfare wages and improve working conditions in America. African American women were in organization to fight racism and provide mutual support. The status of women was beginning to change rapidly in this era, for most part middle class white married women thou they still did not work outside their home. Working women were primarily young and single, widow or divorcees or poor married woman. Most women continued working in agriculture as domestic servants especially the African American women. However, new jobs were opening up and most women began to seek for occupations in department stores. Mid-class women were able to find jobs as clerical workers i.e. typist, clerk, telephone operator, and a few excelled as lawyers, doctors, journalists, and scientist (Schneide & Schneider 146). In the 1930s some reformed women in the era were already in

Diabetes and Evidence-based Nursing Research Paper

Diabetes and Evidence-based Nursing - Research Paper Example The day following his admission, his blood sugar level was more than 999. As a patient advocate, I was concerned for the patient’s treatment and I approached the patient and his wife about seeking a second opinion from an Endocrinologist. I recommended this with the hope of ensuring that they would gain the best possible care for the patient’s condition. The couple agreed and several weeks later returned to thank me for making the recommendation. The patient was diagnosed by the Endocrinologist with Flatbush Diabetes which is a rare form of diabetes presenting among African-American males. It calls for insulin administration for a short period of time and later to be shifted to oral diabetic medications. When untreated, it can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis. The nursing situation in this case is based on the appropriate care of the diabetic patient, on the assistance given in the administration of the patient medications, and on the monitoring of the patient’s vit al signs, diet, blood sugar levels, and blood pressure. Since the patient’s blood sugar levels were not sufficiently being lowered by the oral medications, the nursing role extends to patient advocacy – helping protect the rights of patients and ensuring that they receive the best possible care. ... B. Description of Medical/health Condition Insulin is the hormone which regulates the uptake of glucose from the blood into the cells of the body (Medical News 2011). Deficient insulin or issues with its receptors therefore play a crucial role in the manifestation and development of diabetes mellitus. Most carbohydrates in food are broken down into monosaccharide glucose, which is the main carbohydrate which is found in the blood and used as fuel by the body (Medical News, 2011). When blood glucose levels in the body are high, insulin is released in the blood by the beta cells in the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. Insulin is then utilized by the body’s cells in order to absorb glucose from the blood and use as fuel, and later for conversion to other molecules, and for storage (Medical News, 2011). Insulin also serves as the control signal for the conversion of glucose to glycogen for internal storage in the liver and the muscle cells. Decreased glucose level leads to re duced release of insulin. This then leads to the reverse conversion of glycogen to glucose. Glucose is mostly managed by the glucagon which then acts in opposition to insulin. Glucose recovered by the liver is re-introduced into the bloodstream; the muscle cells do not have the necessary capacity for export (Medical News, 2011). Significant insulin levels highlight the anabolic processes, including cell growth and duplication, protein synthesis, and fat storage. Insulin serves as the main signal in the conversion of bidirectional processes of metabolism from the catabolic to the anabolic direction, and vice versa (Medical News, 2011). In effect, low insulin levels trigger the onset of

Migration in United Kingdom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Migration in United Kingdom - Essay Example However, asylum seekers cannot be mistaken for refugees. In the year 2002, it was found that from 84, 130 applications 10 percent were refugees, 24 percent were granted exceptional level and the remaining amount were refused both.( McConnachie 2005) This paper would seek to analyze the role of the immigration policies in regard to the asylum seekers. At present, the United Kingdom is facing a major crisis in regard to illegal immigration. In fact, from the year 19991 to the year 2001 alone, immigration made up more than half of Britain's population growth. An institute for Public Policy Research study of the 2001 census calculated a 2.2 m rise, including 1.14 m born abroad. Westminster is recognized as the official law making authority regarding matters such as immigration and asylum issues in regard to Britain and those that happen outside the European Union enabling control and allowing control over the borders. The United Kingdom provides an automatic right to asylum as it has signed the UN convention. A lengthy legal process has to be initiated in order for the determination of the status of application. However in order to ensure that the process becomes more simpler and allows the honest applicant s to actually gain the right to have the status of asylum seeking, this automatic right has to be waived or done away with. An important distinction as to be made between asylum seekers and refugees- Refugees are those people who have be granted this special status by the country in which they have sought asylum. The current population in the United Kingdom alone of refugees is about 2 percent of the total world refugees. These people have UN traveling documents and have the same basic rights as the U.K. citizens in terms of traveling and the basic service. Hence, it is quite difficult to figure out exactly how many are at present in the U.K. Another type of immigrants are illegal immigrants who at presently are several thousands according to a survey by carried out recently. These people are those who are employed in the unregulated economy of U.K. Besides encouraging the international human traffickers and smugglers, it is resulting in pushing down the lower skilled jobs wags due to an excess supply. Hence, creating cultural cases as the British feel that their jobs are being threatened by the influx of these illegal immigrants. An Act; the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002 regulates the ways of tackling these illegal immigrants. Those employers who would hire these people would be severely fined and a smart card provision is being considered in order to remove the chances of illegal immigrants being allowed to work. However, whether this has been a successful policy can be seen from the number of cases which are reported daily as deported ones. U.K. needs to review its current policy and make it much more stringent in order to make it so unfavorable that no immigrant would consider U.K. a safe haven. While it has been generally notified that asylum seekers are those people who are victims of crime and injustice-however, in several cases that has not been the case. There are many people who come to U.K. illegally, seek work in the unregulated circles and when are discovered, claim to be asylum seekers. Others are those

Timberlands Model Essay Example for Free

Timberlands Model Essay 1a) How would you characterize Timberlands exercise of its corporate power in society? Timberland uses its corporate power in society not only to make a profit, but to help others. It is a rarity for a company to go as far as Timberland has gone to make a huge difference in society. Whether participating in its City Year to Service program that serves its communities; or becoming carbon neutral, Timberland has paved the way and reflects a company that not only cares about its communities, but also cares about the environment. 1b) Is Timberland engaging multiple stakeholders in its business operations? If so how? Yes. Timberland’s Chief EarthKeeper and CEO Jeff Swartz, hosts regular stakeholder engagement calls to inform, inspire, and engage others about Timberlands corporate initiatives. They allow stakeholders to dialogue in a public forum. Past calls have covered topics such as corporate climate strategies, responsible sourcing, eco labeling, community greening, and the current state of corporate responsibilities. 2a) Has Timberland balanced its economic and social responsibilities through its various programs, such as the Path to Service program and sustainability goals? Yes, Timberland planned to build 15 community gardens worldwide and refurbish 80 playgrounds by 2009, utilizing the more than 76,000 employee volunteer service hours. The company contributes 2% of its pre-taxed income annually and makes grants to many non-profit organizations, including many of those it aids through its service projects. They advocated an ambitious goal of becoming carbon neutral by 2010, meaning they would eliminate or offset its own carbon footprint by reducing emissions at its facilities and this can be seen in its Ontario, CA distribution center where 60 percent of its power is generated through installation of new solar panels. The solar installation reduces greenhouse gas emissions by an estimated 480,000 pounds annually. In the Dominican Republic plant, Timberland installed a wind turbine and solar heating panels to provide approximately 30,000 kilowatt-hours of clean renewable energy each year. 2b) Are the companys programs examples of enlightened self-interest? Yes, because Timberland considers what they call earthkeeping, common sense. Earthkeeping allows them to make their products by using recycled materials and also allows them to use renewable energy in their facilities. Earthkeeping is second nature to them. Their belief is that earthkeeping will help them create and sell better gear for customers to enjoy the outdoors and to protect the outdoors by being environmentally responsible. 3. What impact do you think that the current economic recession may have on Timberlands social programs? With the recession, most companies are cutting back on company-sponsored programs to stay profitable. There is no doubt that this has affected the Timberland Corporation as well. However, as the article noted, with 95% of employee participation in the companys sponsored program, if the company could no longer sponsor the program, greater than 50% would most likely stay. 4. How would you improve Timberlands corporate social responsibility program? Timberlands corporate social responsibility program, although great, could improve by involving its shareholders in its green efforts. Timberland could promise dividends if its green-goals are met quarterly. This would give its shareholders a vested interest in ensuring Timberland continues its corporate social responsibility programs. Update: Even after the economic slowdown in 2007 through 2009, Jeffrey Swartz has continued to look for ways to not only improve the communities his company affects, but also to improve the company. He has turned his monitoring inward on his factories and launched improvement programs that have improved working conditions for his employees. As he stated in Timberlands 2009 Earthkeeper Report, The results from our remediation efforts also support our belief that going beyond monitoring and beyond factory walls is critical to addressing workers’ needs. The article also mentions that they have eliminated high-risk issues from some of their footwear sourcing channels and seen their business partners increase their scores on Timberlands Code of Conduct assessments which help measure working condition improvements. References Retrieved from http://www.timberland.com

The Ethics Of Photojournalism

The Ethics Of Photojournalism Is a photograph worth more than words? Do the visuals of a photograph have more impact than language? Can one photograph put over the same point across to all its onlookers? Does one single person have a right photograph something that may question moral standards? All these issues arise when considering the field of photojournalism, but do photographs that are published in the media have more impact on the public and because it is a photograph, should we assume that what is being shown is the real truth, opposed to it being a very life like painting? Photojournalists have to comply with a set of ethical rules, the same as writers and editors in the world of media. Each photograph published has to conform to regulations, whether written or unwritten. These sets of rules have precedence in deciding if that photograph is a true and authentic image of what is being shown to the public. In some cases this may rely on the personal principles of the photojournalist and what they perceive to be what is morally right to publish or not. Many topics are raised when considering these rules such as, the behavior of the photographer when taking pictures, what images can be altered by the photographer and the most important one, what can and canà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½t be photographed. Technological competence and the ever-changing values of society have influenced this structure of ethics to evolve; and it is still constantly progressing today. Ethics, in any case, is inevitably going to be an area that provokes debate. Kenneth Kobre, a professor in photojournalism and author, writes in his book, Photojournalism, the Proffesionals Approach, à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Photojournalism has no Bible, no rabbinical college, no Pope to define correct choices.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ What Kobre means by this is, there is no single referee that determines what is or isnà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½t ethical. However, if there were, it still isnà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½t a field where a right or wrong label can be administered. In many books that consider the ethics of photojournalism, one main focal point is often talked about and that is how truthful a photograph can be. It is a question of whether a certain image shows the subject in an accurate light or if it is deceptive to the onlooker. The National Press Photographers Association Code of Ethics states that à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Our primary goal is the faithful and comprehensive depiction of the subject at hand.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ So does this mean that a photographer can alter a photo, or set one up? Would these photographs be deemed as à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½faithful and comprehensive depictions?à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Many texts have been written on the ethics of photojournalism and have tried to answer those questions. However, other debates reach much further when considering these questions, like the debate between ethics and preference. This is particularly true when contemplating photographs of a sexual or violent nature. Some may feel that sexual and violent imagery are in the field of personal preference, whereas the counter argument could be that ethical values must be considered when images such as these are taken. Another angle that could be looked at when thinking about the ethics of photojournalism is what the journalist does when taking their photographs. Perhaps, if a person requested not to be photographed, should the photographer go ahead with it anyway? Or another instance could be, if a photojournalist was covering a major natural disaster, should he stop taking pictures to help someone in desperate need? Then, of course, the argument between being a professional and the ethics of journalism comes into play. If, like stated in the NPPA Code of ethics that all depictions should be à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½faithful and comprehensiveà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, does that also cover a situation where the journalist may deliberately not using a photograph to its full potential? There is one book in particular that tries to solve these questions. Written by Paul Lester, Photojournalism: An Ethical Approach, spells out six different ethical philosophies in order to sort out the baffling queries in this ethical field. The first being the Categorical Imperative. Lester states, à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Categorical here means unconditional, without any question of extenuating circumstances, without any exceptions.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ What is meant by this is that if it ok for one, it is ok for all. If, for example, an editor was thinking about publishing a photograph of a white policeman using physical force against a black female citizen. That editor should then reflect on whether they would publish it if it was under a different situation; say if the policeman was a black male and the citizen a white female, or if they were both of the same race or gender. The second of the six philosophies is Utilitarianism. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Utilitarianism is the belief that tries to maximize the greatest good for the greatest number of peopleà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. So, for example, a photograph of a child with severe burns may offend some people, especially those who have children. However, if this image will raise awareness for fire safety within the area, then going by the philosophy of Utilitarianism, the capturing and publication of this image is seen as morally right. The third that Lester talks about is Hedonism. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Phrases such as, Eat, drink, and be merry, for tomorrow we die, Live for today, and Dont worry-Be happy, are present examples of the Hedonism philosophyà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. It is to justify publishing photos for their aesthetic nature (to sell newspapers) rather because of their importance. An example of this is perhaps where a young lady is pictured on the front page rather than a boring old politician. The forth of the six is The Golden Mean, à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½a compromise between two extreme points of view or actionsà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. Here, Lester explains that if there is a photograph that is less offensive or invasive, but still gets the same point across then that photo is the best one to publish. So, for example, if there was a photo of the funeral of a dead solider or a photo of a memorial with the inscription of the names of lost soldiers, then the memorial image should be the one chosen as it still shows the impact of war. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½The following two philosophies, Veil of Ignorance and Golden Rule, are usually used to argue against the taking and printing a controversial image by photographers, editors, subjects, and readers.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The Veil of Ignorance is where à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½in practical terms, a photographer tries to imagine what it would be like to be the subject of the photographsà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. What is meant by this is, if the photographers themselves wouldnà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½t feel comfortable in the place of the subject, then it would be best to find another image. For example, if a riot was being photographed and someone was pictured with their clothes torn off, then this could be a situation which the photographer may not feel comfortable in, because of the unforeseen nudity. Finally, the last of the six is The Golden Rule. Lester explains The Golden Rule as being the philosophy that teaches persons to love your neighbors as yourself.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ In other words, they should treat the subjects in their photographs the way they would want to be treated. This philosophy is one that relies on the photographers or editors own morals. Although there is no definite system that the ethics of photojournalism can be regulated by, there are other conducts that can establish its present shape to a degree. By investigating certain circumstances that have encouraged debate on the ethics of photojournalism, one can unearth any potentially unethical photograph or photographer, as people donà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½t usually question anything that is evidently all well and good. So, by doing this helps highlight the unclear guidelines to what may be or not be ethical; with unambiguous cases of unethical and ethical journalistic works, the understanding of the ethics in photojournalism can be broadened. Case Study As I have stated previously, the ethical quandaries that photojournalists and editors have to face is an area of grey. It could be argued that manipulation of a photograph can be as simple as changing it from colour to black and white. On the other hand, manipulation can also include a photograph that has been taken from a series of snaps, and published in a certain way that changes the whole concept entirely. That subsequently brings me to the photograph of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½The Falling Manà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ in the September,11th attacks in New York. The photograph was taken by Richard Drew at 9.41 am. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½In the United States, people have taken pains to banish it from the record of September 11, 2001. The story behind it, though, and the search for the man pictured in it, are our most intimate connection to the horror of that day.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ It has been documented throughout the world that this photograph is just one that was selected from a series of photographs taken of this man plummeting to his death. Some may feel that this particular image is one that depicts elegance and peacefulness, whereas the others are said to be of a disturbing nature. This evidently shows that the alteration of an image and the editing process are one of the same, which leads one to question the ethics behind this photograph. One could argue, on ethical grounds, that the victim falling to his death in this photograph did not attend work that day to become a tragic figure. The victim falling to his death on 911 did not go to work to become an icon of a tragic day. It could be said that it is regrettable that this man, through the acts of terrorism, became a reluctant hero in his last living moments, yet it brings a recognition to the photojournalist who captured these terrible happenings. Is this ethically right? Afterward, the photograph was then used in a search to identify à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½the falling manà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ which later provoked strongly opinionated debates about the shame and anger the families of people pictures were feeling. The well known phrase à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½jumpersà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ came in use not long after this photograph was printed, which implied they had committed suicide. This created controversy throughout many communities in America, as suicide was a shameful act. Again, did Richard Drew consider any ethical reasoning before selling on this picture? This photograph doesnà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½t reflect any of the rules stated in the NPPC Code of ethics, but still the American newspapers felt it was right to publish. Photojournalists, and journalists alike, have a responsibility to provide the public with the news. Yet, on ethical terms, they also have to strive to achieve equilibrium between their professionalism as well as respecting the privacy and dignity of their subject. However, could it be said that photo was in the public interest? It could be suggested that, while this photograph may be a controversial one throughout America (and even the world) , ethics has nothing to do with it. A photograph can also be seen as a work of art; this one being no exception. The aim of a work of art is to trigger an emotional reaction to the person who is looking at it. Even when considering the horrific circumstances it was taken under, this photograph is still deeply moving. Therefore, it may be argued that this photograph cannot be controlled by ethics; somewhat our perceptions of ethics are fixed and then are subsequently challenged by art. My personal view of this photograph is undecided. Considering each argument that could hypothetically be put across I still have no solid opinion on it. However, I feel what Peter Howe wrote on Richard Drew does show a flicker of truth. This photograph has impacted on American society, even reaching out the other nations. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Drew hasnà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½t seen one image that he considers to be the iconic summation of the disaster, but he feels that the photographic coverage of it has influenced the American public: à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½I think it has rallied the Americans. At least what I can see. Ità ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s seemed to have rallied everyone. Everyone is carrying flags, they have flags on their cars, and they have flags on their lapels, flags on their hats at the NY stock exchange. They have flags everywhere. People on the street corners are all selling flags. There is a sense of patriotism that probably wasnt that strong as it was when this thing started, you know. You cant screw with us. We are going to go after you. Were not going to sit back here and take it.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ In my conclusion, I feel that while the roots of print journalism can be traced almost to the origins of the written word. However, photojournalism is a pretty new thing when put in comparison with language. In 150 years a whole framework of ethics has evolved. When photojournalism first came about, technology ruled what was acceptable, because if it was possible then it must be ok. However, after the industry began to mull over what the essence of news really was that is when it all began to change. By introducing notions such as trust and fairness, that is when an ethical system had to be applied; as a result, the concept of photojournalistic ethics. . After looking into much detail about à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½the falling manà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ photograph, it is clear how much of an impact photojournalism, and other journalistic works for that matter, have on our society as a whole. By sparking a debate from one single photo, creates thought processes which one may never have considered in any other instances. That leads on to the way society thinks and acts. Lastly, the vital aim is to put forward accurate and trustworthy photographic journalism to the public. Although, as I have stated previously, it may be published at a cost, the negative effect of a photograph must be put against the possible benefits it may have to the viewing public. However, we cannot assume that todayà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s ethics, will be the same as tomorrows.